Various block carving and printing techniques used to create gradated tones (shading) on woodblock prints, particularly 19th-century *ukiyo-e 浮世絵 landscape prints. Basically, there are two techniques. For modulation within a single color area, such as the blue for the depiction of a sky, the woodblock is wiped with a moist rag to water down the pigment as it is applied to the block *fuki bokashi 拭きぼかし. The wiping pattern depends on the shape of the final shaded area: either shading in horizontal bands *ichimonji bokashi 一文字ぼかし, or indeterminate shading *atenashi bokashi 当てなしぼかし. The second technique involved the preparation of another printing woodblock just for the areas of darker or lighter hue and so was called "shading using a woodblock" *ita bokashi 板ぼかし.