futatsudo tokyō 二(双)斗斗(きょう)

Keywords
Architecture
General Terms

Also written 双斗斗きょう and pronounced the same way, or these characters can be read narabido tokyō or sōdo tokyō. A bracket complex, *tokyō 斗きょう, composed of a comparatively short bracket arm, *hijiki 肘木, set in a large bearing block, *daito 大斗. Two smaller bearing blocks, *makito 巻斗, similar to twin bearing blocks, narabito 双斗, are placed at each end resembling equal weights balanced on a scale. This bracket complex is usually placed in the interstice, *nakazonae 中備, between the major bracket complexes atop the pillars, *hashira 柱, and helps to support the weight of a purlin, *keta 桁. The oldest extant example is found on Tōdaiji Kaisandō 東大寺開山堂 (ca. 1254), Nara, with the twin bearing blocks placed on a frog-leg strut, *kaerumata 蟇股. Therefore, this arrangement is often referred to as futatsudo kaerumata 二斗蟇股. Although it first appeared as part of the daibutsu style, *daibutsuyō 大仏様, it later spread to the Zen style, *zenshūyō 禅宗様. Occasionally, it was incorporated into the so-called Japanese style, *wayō 和様. Instead of the plain short bracket arm, a more decorative type is sometimes used.