Lit. Vajra on the Way of Painting, Nakabayashi Chikutō's 中林竹洞 (1776-1853) reactionary critique of contemporary painters who diverge from orthodox Chinese literati theory and brushwork. According to Chikutō's preface of 1802, he decided to call his treatise Vajra (Diamond Pounder or Thunder Bolt) because he wished to use the treatise to break the contemporary painting world of its old, bad habits and point the way to correct practices. Gadō kongōsho contains Chikutō's classification of Japanese painters based on the late Ming painting critic Dong Qichang's (Jp: Tō Kishō 董其昌, 1556-1636) division of painting into Northern and Southern schools *hokushūga 北宗画 and *nanshūga 南宗画. As such, Gadō kongōsho is one of the few Japanese gahin 画品 (Ch: huapin) or classifications, and it serves as the companion to his more theoretical work Chikutō garon 竹洞画論 of 1812. It is published in Sakazaki Tan 坂崎坦 ed., Nihon garon taikan 日本画論大観 1: pp.171-185.