Lit. Summary of Painting Laws, the first Japanese theoretical text on Western painting. Published in 1778, the text is attributed to Satake Shozan 佐竹曙山 (1748-85), daimyō 大名 of Akita 秋田. Reflecting in part the ideas of Dutch scholar and painter Hiraga Gennai 平賀源内 (1728-79), and written with the assistance of Shozan's retainer Odano Naotake 小田野直武 (1749-80), Gahō kōryō praises the naturalism of European art for its utilitarianism. Together with Shozan's other texts Gazu rikai 画図理解 (Understanding Composition) and Tanseibu 丹青部 (Red and Green), which discuss and illustrate the methods of linear perspective, drawing figures, shading, and combining pigments, Gahō kōryō had a great impact on Shiba Kōkan's 司馬江漢 (1747-1818) *Seiyō gadan 西洋画談 which expands on many of the same ideas. It is published in Sakazaki Tan 坂崎坦, ed., Nihon garon taikan 日本画論大観 2 : 71-74.