Ch: Boyi Shuqi. Brothers who lived during the late Shang - early Zhou dynasties, who were praised by Confucius for declining to serve Zhou Emperor Wu (Jp: Bu 武) out of loyalty to Shang Emperor Zhou (Jp: Chū 紂). They retired to Mt. Shouyang 首陽, subsisted briefly on edible ferns warabi 薇, and eventually died of starvation. Hakui Shukusei were eulogized in the Shiji (Jp: Shiki 史記; Records of the Historian) by Si Maqian (Jp: Shi Basen 司馬遷, 145-90 BC). The pictorialized theme is also known as saibi-zu 採薇図 (Plucking ferns pictures). In Japan, notable examples include works attributed to Kano Eitoku 狩野永徳 (1543-90), Kano Tsunenobu 狩野常信 (1636-1713), and Hasegawa Tōhaku 長谷川等伯 (1539-1610; MOA Museum, Shizuoka Prefecture), and typically show the two brothers wearing scholar's robes and seated with a basket of ferns.