Also called *megawara 女瓦 (female tile). One of the basic roofing tiles. The terms megawara and *ogawara 男瓦 (male tile) were common but to some extent, megawara has been replaced by hiragawara, and ogawara by *marugawara 丸瓦. A broad concave almost rectangular roof tile, that is arc-shaped in cross section. It is used in conjunction with semi-circular tiles marugawara. The concavity created a valley *tani 谷 which carried off the rain water. It is usually slightly more narrow at the front end atama 頭 than at the opposite end shiri 尻. Its size, thickness, and degree of concavity varied, being greater in the ancient period than in later periods. Size varied, but was often 30 cm long x about 27 cm wide at the top, and at the bottom end about 25.5 cm wide. The concavity at the center was about 3.5 mm. Ancient tiles had less concavity than those made after the 12th century. Dimensions of the tiles are also dependent on the size of the roof. The larger tiles were easier to lay and stabilize. If they were too small, the concavity would be too narrow. As a result rain water could easily rise to the edges and even seep under the marugawara and cause leaks. Hiragawara, in ancient times, were made by cutting a cylindrical tile into quarter sections from top to bottom.
