Lit. Humble Words on Matters of Painting, a late 18th century polemic on painting theory by Kuwayama Gyokushū 桑山玉洲 (1746-99). Completed in 1790 under the title of Kaien higen 絵苑鄙言 (Humble Words on the Garden of Painting); Kimura Kenkadō 木村蒹葭堂 (1736-1802) copy read the treatise and published it in 1799 under the new title. In Kaiji higen, Gyokushū seeks to bolster the reform of *nanga 南画 spearheaded by Gyokushū's friend Ike no Taiga 池大雅 (1723-76). Most notably, Gyokushū attempts to find a Southern School *nanshūga 南宗画 of literati artists within Japanese painting tradition, citing Sōtatsu 宗達 (d. ca.1642), Ogata Kōrin 尾形光琳 (1658-1716), Konoe Nobutada 近衛信尹 (1565-1614), and Shōkadō Shōjō 松花堂昭乗 (1584-1639) as exemplary artists whose work stands in contrast to the academic Northern School *hokushūga 北宗画 styles of *Kano-ha 狩野派 artists. Kaiji higen had a major impact on late nanga painters such as Tanomura Chikuden 田能村竹田 (1777-1835). It is published in Sakazaki Tan 坂崎坦, ed., Nihon garon taikan 日本画論大観 1:pp.135-153.