Kōmokuten 広目天

Keywords
Art History
Iconography

Sk: Virupaksa. A guardian deity, believed to protect the west of Buddha's realm. Usually found as part of a group of Four Guardian Kings *Shitennō 四天王. Often wears armor yoroi 鎧 and stands on a demon *jaki 邪鬼. Kōmokuten's hand positions *in 印 and attributes *jimotsu 持物 are not rigidly prescribed. Most commonly he has a writing brush in the right hand and a scroll in the left, or he clenches the right hand in a fist and holds a long, three-pronged spear sansageki 三叉戟, in the left. Japan's oldest Kōmokuten statue, seen with the brush and scroll, forms part of the mid-7th century Shitennō group in Hōryūji *Kondō 法隆寺金堂, Nara. Kōmokuten is also found in larger groups of statues such as *nijūhachi bushū 二十八部衆 (the twenty-eight attendants of thousand-armed Kannon *Senju Kannon 千手観音). A good example is the early 13th century Kōmokuten in the nijūhachi bushū group in Sanjūsangendō 三十三間堂 (also known as Rengeōin 蓮華王院), Kyoto. This figure bears a three-pronged spear greater than his own height.