Lit. Eighty-one Deity Mandala of the Adamantine Realm. A variety of *Kongōkai mandara 金剛界曼荼羅 which are the major mandala of Esoteric Buddhism mikkyō 密教, representing the two realms, the Adamantine and the matrix or womb realm. A mandala *mandara 曼荼羅 composed of 81 deities, consisting of the Five Wisdom Tathagatas *gochi nyorai 五智如来, Sixteen Great Bodhisattvas jūroku daibosatsu 十六大菩薩, Four Paramita Bodhisattvas shiharamitsu bosatsu 四波羅蜜菩薩, Eight Offering Bodhisattvas hachikuyō bosatsu 八供養菩薩, Sixteen Deities of the Auspicious Aeon gengō jūrokuson 賢劫十六尊, gods of the four elements shidaijin 四大神, twenty gods of the heavens nijitten 二十天 and four *myōō 明王. There are also some examples in which the 1,000 Buddhas of the "auspicious aeon" gengō 賢劫 (Sk: bhadrakalpa) are depicted in the outer periphery together with the gengō jūrokuson. This mandala corresponds to the central assembly, Jōshin-e 成身会 of the *Kue mandara 九会曼荼羅, but whereas in the Kue mandara the four Buddhas other than *Dainichi 大日 among the gochi nyorai are depicted as Tathagatas, in this mandala they all assume the form of bodhisattvas; in addition, the deities are seated on animals, and there are also considerable differences in iconographical detail and in the selection of deities. The Kongōkai hachijūissoin mandara was brought from China to Japan by Ennin 円仁 (794-864) and has been used primarily in the Esoteric branch of the Tendai 天台 sect (Taimitsu 台密), where it has often been used together with the *Taizōkai mandara 胎蔵界曼荼羅 as one of the two mandalas forming the *Ryōkai mandara 両界曼荼羅 which are used to illuminate the two basic scriptures of Esoteric Buddhism. This mandala was, however, also used in the Shingon 真言 sect, and there are in addition instances of Taimitsu Ryōkai mandara in which the Kue mandara is used instead of the Kongōkai hachijūisson mandara (e.g., Shitennōji 四天王寺, Osaka); it is therefore incorrect to consider all examples of this mandala to be connected with the Tendai sect. Representative of extant examples of this mandala are those kept at the Nezu 根津 Museum in Tokyo and Taizanji 太山寺 in Hyōgo Prefecture, both of Tendai origin. Of these, the former is originally from Kongōrinji 金剛輪寺 in Shiga Prefecture, where it is thought to have constituted a pair of Ryōkai mandara together with a Taizōkai mandara no longer extant.