Lit. "festival pictures." Paintings that originated in folk beliefs and Shinto rituals shinji 神事, mostly related to agriculture, human fertility and prosperity. Popular festivals became part of the annual cycle of events *nenjū gyōji 年中行事 and were depicted in *meisho-e 名所絵 and *tsukinami-e 月次絵 from the 8th century. Festivals were a popular theme in genre paintings *fūzokuga 風俗画 commissioned by warrior lords and prosperous townspeople from the 16th century. Such depictions are mainly in large format especially on *byōbu 屏風. With a wealth of detail, they capture a multitude of people and activities in and around the shrine on temple precincts at festival time. Major, generally annual festivals of Kyoto, such as the *Gion matsuri 祇園祭, *Hie Sannō matsuri 日吉山王祭, as well as *Kamo no keiba 賀茂競馬, were frequently depicted throughout the Edo period, as was the Gion matsuri, which appeared in *rakuchū rakugai-zu 洛中洛外図. Paintings of special one-time events such as the *Hōkokusai 豊国祭 also exist, along with compositions of provincial festivals such as the Tsushima Lantern-boat Festival (British Museum or private collection Tsushima). Many sairei-zu also have strong affinities in style and compositional elements with pilgrimage paintings such as the Muromachi or Edo period sanpai-zu 参拝図 of Ise 伊勢 and Kumano 熊野.