One of Three Jōdo Mandalas *Jōdo sanmandara 浄土三曼荼羅. A type of *Amida jōdo hensō 阿弥陀浄土変相, depicting a vision of the Pure Land granted by the *Kannon 観音 of Kiyomizudera 清水寺 appearing as an old man, to the monk Seikai 清海 (also read Shōkai, d. 1017) in 996. Seikai, who came from Hitachi 常陸 (present-day Ibaraki Prefecture), entered the priesthood at Kōfukuji 興福寺, later moving to Chōshōji 超昇寺, where he died whereby this mandala is sometimes called Chōshōji mandara. The Seikai mandara is based on the Kanmuryōjukyō 観無量寿経 and may be considered a transformation scene of the Pure Land *Kangyō hensō 観経変相, like the more well-known *Taima mandara 当麻曼荼羅. Although the original painting has been lost, several faithful copies survive. The Seikai mandara (dated to 1726) in Shōkōji 聖光寺, Kyoto, suggests the original was painted in gold and silver kingindei 金銀泥 on indigo-dyed silk. *Amida 阿弥陀 is in the center of the field flanked by his attendant bodhisattvas *bosatsu 菩薩, seated on a lotus throne in front of his two-storied palace surrounded by pavilions linked by bridges and a lotus pond in the foreground. The outer surrounding court of this painting has sixteen lotus thrones painted alternately in gold and silver that represent the Sixteen Contemplations jūrokkan 十六観 from the Kanmuryōjukyō. Other later copies are in the collections of Jōkakuji 成覚寺, Miyagi Prefecture and Kujira Jōdoji 櫛羅浄土寺, Nara.