Small-scale, close-up painting of landscapes. The scenes generally depict misty fields and rivers or lakes and may also include water fowl, cranes or geese. This small-scale style of painting developed in China during the Tang period and continued as a component of the monumental landscape style of the Northern Song period. At this time, individual scenes were freed from their large-scale surroundings and employed independently as paintings. Famous painters of shōkeiga in China were Hui-chong (Jp: E Sū 恵崇, 965-1017) and the slightly later Zhao Ling-ran (Jp: Chō Reijō 趙令穣, act. 1070-1100). There are also small scene bird and flower paintings shōkei kachō 小景花鳥, small scene ink bamboo painting *bokuchiku 墨竹, and small scene deer and monkey paintings shōen しょう猿.