tendō 天童

Keywords
Art History
Sculpture

Lit. "heavenly youth," also warabemai 童舞 (dancing child). A dance mask representing a young boy with parted hair and soft round face probably used in *bugaku 舞楽, though sometimes classified as a gyōdō mask, gyōdōmen 行道面, since it is used in Buddhist temple festivals such as the kuyō-e 供養会 and mukaekō 迎構, which have been held at least since the late 12th century. Its use before the 12th century is unclear; no bugaku dance exists under the title of Tendō, and the term warabemai describes a number of bugaku dances featuring children, like the butterfly dance Kochō 胡蝶, none of which use masks. 

The serious concentrated expression, closed mouth and balanced features are reminiscent of the statues of Prince Shōtoku (see *Shōtoku Taishi-zō 聖徳太子像) at the age of seven; example in Hōryūji 法隆寺, Nara. The hair suggests the fashions of the 7th and 8th centuries. Masks that may have been used in bugaku include one dated 1279 at Konda Hachimangū 誉田八幡宮, and two at Masumida Jinja 真清田神社 in Aichi Prefecture, dated 1211. Other well-known Kamakura period examples can be found in Ishiteji 石手寺, Ehime Prefecture, and Yoneyamadera 米山寺, Hiroshima Prefecture.