tsukiyama 築山

The older term is *kasan 仮山. Lit. "constructed mountain." Referring to an artificial hill in a garden, the term is used to denote a hill garden as opposed to a flat garden, hiraniwa 平庭. Tsukiyama gardens became particularly popular in the early Edo period. The importance of this term can be seen in the title of the garden manual *Tsukiyama teizōden 築山庭造伝, where it was virtually a synonym for the garden in general.