Sk: Vimalakirti (pure reputation); Ch: Weimo. Indian Buddhist layman (Ch: jushi, Jp: koji 居士) famous for his profound understanding of Mahayana principles, Daijō Bukkyō 大乗仏教. A wealthy and well-educated family man from the central Indian town of Vaisali, Yuima was a paragon of Buddhist virtues despite his worldly attachments. As such, he was a favorite figure with Buddhist people particularly in China and Japan with their strong cultural emphasis on family responsibility. The Yuimagyō 維摩経 (Ch: Weimoching, Sk: Vimalakirti-nirdesa) tells of Yuima's life, including the famous incident in which Yuima, lying in a small house, is visited by *Monju 文殊 (Sk: Manjusri). The two men have a philosophical debate on the "gateway of the non-dual Dharama" in which Yuima demonstrates his superior understanding. This conversation, known as Yuimagyō hensō 維摩経変相, was often illustrated in both sculpture and painting. Yuima is typically shown as a bearded old man, seated with one knee raised, wearing a cowl and holding a fly whisk. Yuima and Monju are depicted in extant early Chinese cave complexes such as Dunhuang (Jp: Tonkō 敦煌, notably in cave #103) and Yungang (Jp: Unkō 雲崗, cave #6). The *hakubyō 白描 painting of Yuima attributed to Li Gonglin (Jp: Ri Kōrin 李公麟, ca. 1040-1106; Tokyo National Museum), along with similar compositions in color, echo the style of now-lost Tang period temple wall-paintings. In Japan, a painted clay diorama of the pagoda at Hōryūji 法隆寺 (858), Nara, contains the best-known example of Yuima. Other depictions of Yuima alone include wood sculpture at Hokkeji 法華寺 (8th century), Nara, and by Jōkei 定慶 in Kōfukuji 興福寺, Nara. Paintings by Bunsei 文清 (1457; Yamato Bunkakan 大和文華館, Nara), Takuma Eiga 詫磨栄賀 (act. late 14th century; Tokyo National Museum), Sesshū 雪舟 (1420-1506; Daitokuji Kohōan 大徳寺孤篷庵, Kyoto), and Kano Tan'yū 狩野探幽 (1602-74; Sengakuji, Miyagi Prefecture) demonstrate the popularity of the theme with Japanese artists.