zenkishiki karesansui 前期式枯山水

Lit. "early style dry landscape." The Heian period arrangement of stones in areas with neither a pond nor stream. The 11th-century garden manual *Sakuteiki 作庭記, uses the term *karesansui 枯山水 for these rock arrangements in shinden style gardens *shinden-zukuri teien 寝殿造庭園. Many of the types of stones and stone groupings, such as the dry waterfall *karetaki 枯滝, tortoise stone kame-ishi 亀石, and Penglai stone *hōraiseki 蓬莱石, associated with later style dry gardens *kōkishiki karesansui 後期式枯山水, were used in the Heian period. The pond garden at Mōtsuji 毛越寺 in Iwate Prefecture and at Saihōji 西芳寺 in Kyoto, give some sense of early stone arrangements.