Three-storied pagodas, most of which are made of wood, but a small percentage are made of stone. See *sekitō 石塔. Wooden pagodas have interiors but stone pagodas do not. The first stories of those built from the end of the 12th century, had the central pillar set above the ceiling of the first floor. Because now that the central pillar *shinbashira 心柱 terminated above the ceiling of the ground floor. There was space for statues and wall paintings. By the latter part of the 12th century, wooden platforms replaced the stone ones. Now the pagoda was surrounded by a wooden veranda *engawa 縁側 supported by timber struts *tsuka 束, the same type as the floor of the pagoda. Underneath is an earthen mound covered with thick white plaster *shikkui 漆喰, with struts placed on it, too. This mound is called *kamebara 亀腹 (turtle belly). The earliest extant three-storied pagoda of this type is located it Ichijōji 一乗寺 (1171) in Hyōgo Prefecture. The earliest extant three-storied pagoda is that at Hokkiji 法起寺 (706), Nara. It is located near Hōryūji 法隆寺 and belongs to the same lineage having cloud-patterned bracket complexes *kumoto 雲斗 like the five-storied pagoda *gojū-no-tō 五重塔 and image hall *kondō 金堂 at Hōryūji. One more three-storied pagoda with a cloud-pattern lineage is at Hōrinji 法輪寺 in the same vicinity. Unfortunately it was struck by lightening and burned in 1944, but has been rebuilt with the cloud-patterned bracket complexes. All these pagodas have a central pillar shinbashira. The pagodas at Hōryūji, five-storied and Hōrinji had central pillars set deeply into the ground, but at Hokkiji, the central pillar was set into a base stone on ground level. The first three-storied pagoda to have the central pillar terminate above the ceiling of the ground floor is the one at Ichijōji from the Heian period. With the ground floor cleared of the space occupied by the central pillar, the area could be utilized as a small Buddhist image hall. Some have paintings on the walls, too. The three-storied pagoda at Daihōji 大法寺 (1333), Nagano Prefecture is the first three-storied pagoda to have two *raigō-bashira 来迎柱, that is two pillars right and left connected by a wall *raigō-kabe 来迎壁, behind the Buddhist altar on the ground floor. Three-storied pagodas were always in the wayō style *wayō 和様, until the introduction of the Zen style *zenshūyō 禅宗様, and the daibutsu style *daibutsuyō 大仏様 at the end of the 12th century and throughout the 13th century. The elements of the Zen or daibutsu style began to be mixed with the purely wayō style. The curve of the eaves is slight in the wayō style, but became deeper and more pronounced during the Kamakura and Nanbokuchō periods. The curve of the roof became pronounced during the Muromachi period, especially in pagodas of the Zen style. During the Edo period, the curve was concentrated at the corners with a flatter line across the center parts. All pagodas have pyramidal roofs *hōgyō-zukuri 宝形造. Therefore the eave curves are the same on all four sides. Examples include the three-storied pagoda at Kōjōji 向上寺 (1432) in Hiroshima Prefecture. It is basically wayō style but has Zen-style details. Another example is the three-storied octagonal pagoda Hakkaku sanjū-no-tō 八角三重塔 at Anrakuji 安楽寺, Nagano Prefecture, which has an enclosed pent roof that surrounds the first story. It is typical of the Zen style.