Lit. "deep black stones." A generic name for black stones found in the Nachi 那智 area of Wakayama prefecture and the Kamo 鴨…

Lit. "thrown bean stones." A poetic name for a seemingly random arrangement of stepping stones *…

Lit. "mixed hedge." One type of *ikegaki 生垣 (living fence) in which two or…

A type of bamboo-ear gate takehogaki 竹穂垣 used for projecting fences *sodegaki…

Lit. "polished stone." A vague term which means any stone which is highly finished or polished, but may also refer to the…

A generic name for granite kakōgan 花崗岩, the term originally meant granite quarried in the Mikage 御影 district in the…

Also written 蓑建仁寺垣. Also called takehogaki 竹穂垣. A variation of the bamboo fence *…

Also sudaregaki 簾垣. A bamboo fence made of various kinds of slender bamboo strips that are set horizontally and…

Lit. "re-used-object water basins." A type of water basin *chōzubachi…

Lit. "water hole." The hollowed-out space on the top face of a water basin *…

Lit. "water boat." A type of large boat-shaped stone used for water basins *mitatemono…

Lit. "returning branch." A tree branch which, naturally or by training, turns abruptly downward. The dramatic nature of the…

A somewhat ambiguous term meaning landscape. Because the curving root of a tree, moku 木, was thought to resemble…

Lit. "gate foundation stones." A large, flat stepping stone *yaku-ishi 役石…

Lit. "gate crowning." A tree planted by a garden gate so that its branches extend over the gate. In some cases the branches…

Woods. The sacred grove of trees planted in front of a shrine by a landscape designer.

Lit. "Corrective on Gardens of the Musō Lineage." A late Edo period treatise on landscape gardening. According to the…

Lit. "eightfold fence." A type of double-screen sleeve fence *sodegaki 袖垣 in…

Also read yakugi. The allocation of shrubbery in a garden, particularly applied to trees which set the mood of a…

Lit. "roles of branches." The branches of a flower or tree that are given a name based on their "role" in the structure of…

Lit. "mountain stone." A generic name for stones found or quarried in the mountains. Unlike sea stones *…

Lit. "gardens in the style of Japanese painting." Also called sakuteikiryū 作庭記流 (gardens in the lineage of the…

A fence made of widths of bleached bamboo spaced about 45 cm apart and held in place by bark. This type of fence is used in…

Lit. "water course." An archaic term for a shallow, curving garden stream. The term, found in the 11th-century garden manual…

Lit. "the character eight 八 yatsu." The practice of propping three or four posts around a newly replanted tree. The…

Lit. "whistle shape." A type of water basin *chōzubachi 手水鉢 which resembles…

Lit. "four-eyed fence." A generic name for a bamboo lattice fence. The poetic name derives from the quadrant of lozenge…

Lit. "bow and arrow branches." The arrangement of a tree trunk and branches in which one branch grows up from the trunk then…