Fort. An Ainu アイヌ term for a fortification surrounded by a stockade fence or palisade *…

Lit. cross-stitch layout. Also read chigirinawa. Also written 蟄亀利縄. A generic term for various types of castle…

An extremely low embankment *dote 土手, beside a castle moat *…

Also termed fujōnagashi 不浄流. A garbage drop. An area for discarding garbage and human and animal excrement from…

A passageway in a castle, used to clean out the moat. An opening in the wall of the main compound of a castle *…

Also termed chōrui 長塁, bōrui 防塁. A long defensive fortification consisting of a continuous, extended…

Lit. Korean type mountain castle. A general term for castle structures in Japan that resemble those in ancient Korea.…

A fort located at a strategic location on a sea coast, riverbank, or island. It was furnished with large guns. Daiba were…

Also written 大陰虎口. A simple, early form of castle entrance *koguchi …

Lit. large *tenshu 天守. The principal tower. The largest tenshu in a…

A wall projecting 15-30 cm outward from the flat top, *inubashiri 犬走り, of a…

A compound that juts out or is slightly separated from the main components of a castle complex, which include: the main…

1　Outer citadel. Also tsukejiro 付け城, hajiro 端城, edajiro 枝城. A type of branch…

A loophole, *sama 狭間, that projects out from the frame of a window opening in…

1　Lit. earthen bridge. An earthen bridge, which is made by leaving an unexcavated section of moat in front…

Also dorui 土塁. An earthen embankment, earthwork, or rampart. A defensive embankment surrounding a castle or a…

The foundation bed, shiki 敷, of an earthen embankment, *doi 土居. It has…

Lit. independent donjon or keep. Also called dokuritsushiki tenshu 独立式天守, dokuritsu tenshukaku 独立天守閣. A…

1　The flat top of an embankment, *doi 土居, also called *…