Also hōbachi 宝鉢 (Sk: patra). A bowl used by Buddhist monks for meals, and as a begging bowl. The hachi is rounded and deep…

Also read hachijū shukō, hachijū zuigyōgō 八十随形好 hachijū zuigōsō 八十随好相. The 80 auspicious bodily…

The joining or gluing together of parts when making a wooden statue or vessel. Originally the term meant sticking feathers…

A Buddhist image contained in a box-shaped miniature shrine. Two symmetrical rectangular wings flank a main image, carved in…

Also hakuire 箔入れ, hakuoki 箔置き. Making a design by stitching gold, silver, or colored foil with glue onto…

An artist who applies gold or silver leaf *shippaku 漆箔 to the surface of a…

Bumpynosed fierce old man. A noh mask *nōmen 能面 representing a…

Lit. half *jōroku 丈六. A measure of height for a Buddhist statue. Eight …

Also hanka 半跏, hankaza 半跏坐, hanfuza 半趺坐, daibosatsuza 大菩薩坐, and bosatsuza 菩薩坐.…

A noh mask *nōmen 能面 representing a female serpent-demon filled…

1　A pictorial subject based on "The Lady at the Bridge" Hashihime, Chapter 45 of Genji…

Also written 廿一. Lit. Barely twenty. Noh mask *nōmen 能面 representing the…

Also hatasode 端袖, hiresode 鰭袖. A style of sleeve found on Buddhist images. The sleeve of the robe is tied…

Written 折, 片木, or 剥.

1　A sculpture process of thinly shaving or scraping.

…

A noh mask *nōmen 能面 representing a strong warrior in full maturity. Wide open…

A style of wearing a Buddhist robe where the right shoulder is exposed. Frequently seen on *…

Also pronounced hensan, or called fukuken-e 覆肩衣, which literally means garment covering the shoulders. A…

Lit. secret Buddha. A Buddhist image which is ordinarily kept secret. Hibutsu are enshrined in miniature shrines *…

Two noh masks *nōmen 能面 used one in the first and the other in the second act of…

Also hiregata tenne 鰭形天衣. Lit. fin-shaped heavenly scarf. A long, ornamental scarf (see *…

Also hitenkō 飛天光. Lit. flying apsaras nimbus. A halo *kōhai 光背,…

A decoration in the shape of a lion's head *shigami 獅噛, found on…

Also suibyō 瓶. A flower vase, found as an attribute *jimotsu 持物…

1　Also pronounced hōshu. A sacred gem. Usually a ball or tear-drop shape object that is sacred to…

A type of nimbus *zukō 頭光, or halo, found on a Buddhist image in the shape…

Also tenkan 天冠. A crown on a Buddhist sculpture. Usually made in wood or bronze openwork *…

A statue of Buddha wearing a crown ornamented with precious stones. This tradition originated in India, first with crowned…

Also hōkei 寶髻. The hair of a sculpted figure tied up on top of the head in a topknot. Found on bodhisattva *…

Lit. Dharma-realm meditation mudra. Hokkai 法界 is the Dharma-realm, (Sk: dharmadhatu), and jōin is an…

Sk: ratnapeta. Lit. a box for treasures. The treasures referred to are sutras. As a *…

A manner of representing drapery folds in Buddhist sculpture, in which high rounded curves regularly alternate with low…

The principal image (or group of images) of worship at a Buddhist temple or a single building within the temple complex. The…

Also read hora. Also written 宝螺. Also sometimes called ra 螺. Sk: dharmasankha. A conch shell used as a…

Measurements of a Buddhist statue and attachments. They include:

sōkō 総高: full height including the…

Also sujikō 筋光, nukigokō 貫後光, and kasagokō 傘御光. A radial nimbus. A type of the…

Also hassai 髪際. Lit. Hairline. The point where the hair meets the forehead on a sculpted figure. The hairline is…

Also 白払. A kind of brush, used to drive away insects during meditation. The hossu originated in ancient India, and…

The act of passing a Buddhist statue from the hands of the artist to the temple that commissioned the piece. Because the…

Also hōfukuzō 法服像. Lit. portrait in religious (i.e. Buddhist) appearance. A portrait of a person who has taken…

Lit. "standing tree Buddha." A Buddhist image carved on a living tree or on wood that retains the form of the original tree…

Graver. A sharp, pointed steel tool used in metalwork and stone carving. Used for engraving, carving, and chiselling,…

Old Persian man taikofu 太孤父 and young Persian boy taikoji 太孤児, two types of gigaku masks *…

A small Buddhist image that is placed inside a larger one as an offering. In most cases, older images were placed inside…

"Running in retreat," a *bugaku 舞楽 dance and mask *…

Also takaya bussho 高矢仏所. A guild of Buddhist sculptors active in Nara *…

An image that has more heads, eyes, or limbs than the human figure.

Also *tamen kōhi 多面広臂. A Buddhist image with more heads, eyes, or limbs than…

A single topknot. Hair tied on top of the head in a simple round topknot *hōkei…

Also tekō, yubitsugai 指番. A protective piece of leather or metal used to protect the back of a soldier's…

Also *shō 摂. Clay statue. An old term used in the Nara period to…

Lit. "mudra for turning the Dharma-wheel." A mudra or hand gesture *in 印…

Also tenchigen. A facial expression found on *Fudō Myōō 不動明王, where the right…

Lit. "heavenly youth," also warabemai 童舞 (dancing child). A dance mask representing a young boy with parted hair…

1　Also sangai 傘蓋, hōgai 宝蓋, kagai 華蓋, kengai 懸蓋. Sk: chatra…

Lit. "heaven people."

1　The heavenly gods as opposed to the gods of earth, chigi 地祇.
…

Also hōkandai 宝冠台. A decorative band around the head found on *bosatsu…

Also tenne 纏衣. A long, narrow strip of ornamental cloth, found on images of *…

A Buddhist statue made of cast iron. Cast iron statues were not as common in Japan as bronze (see *…

A Noh mask *nōmen 能面 of the *…

Gilding. A decorative technique used in metalwork, where an object was coated with a thin layer of gold. In Japan, this…

A pestle with a single sharp blade at each end, found as an attribute *jimotsu…

A Noh mask *nōmen 能面 representing an old, plebeian man used only…

Powdered burnt clay or pulverized whetstone. Used for polishing swords and coloring wood. Tonoko was mixed with…

A style of sculpture represented by the work of the 7th-century sculptor known as Tori busshi 止利仏師. Tori was believed to be…

Lit. "life-size." A standard unit of measurement for Buddhist statues *hōryō…

Decoration found on the head of a Buddhist sculpted figure. This includes hairstyles *…

A cylindrical seat or round pedestal *daiza 台座 for a Buddhist image. Many images…

Also written 津波井仏所. A guild of Buddhist sculptors *busshi 仏師 active in Nara *…

Also 通圓. A mask of an old man, used in the kyōgen 狂言 play Tsūen (The Tea Priest, Tsūen…

An abbreviation of tsūryō kenpō 通両肩法. A style of wearing a Buddhist robe covering both shoulders. The robe…

Dangling chin, a gimmick used on some bugaku masks *bugakumen…

A Noh mask *nōmen 能面 representing the God of Thunder. Great…

Enclosed inner mould. The *nakago 中型 was a term used in metal…