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JAANUS

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  • (-) Architecture (164)
  • Accessories (1)
  • Aristocratic Dwellings (2)
  • Art History (3)
  • Buildings (12)
  • Castles (15)
  • Decorations (12)
  • Folk Dwellings (16)
  • Gardens (14)
  • Gates (6)
  • General Terms (54)
  • Joints (3)
  • Lanterns (1)
  • Measurement (2)
  • Painting (3)
  • Roofing Tiles (8)
  • Shrines (7)
  • Structures (12)
  • Tea Houses (15)
  • Tools (2)

Displaying 1 - 100 of 164
Title Contains Image(s) Description Keywords
bai 唄 ✓

A circular nail head cover *kugikakushi 釘隠, placed over a nail to attach a…

Architecture, Decorations
baijō 梅杖

Lit. plum post. A wooden post used to support the heavy but structurally weak branches of old plum trees.

Architecture, Gardens
baikenmon 梅軒門

Lit. plum eaves gate. Also written 梅見門. A type of gate used in tea gardens *roji…

Architecture, Tea Houses
baku 瀑

A cascade. A type of garden waterfall in which the water falls at a 90 degree angle. One common type of baku is the…

Architecture, Gardens
bakuhana 獏鼻 ✓

Lit. tapir nose. Also called bakugashira 獏頭. A type of nosing *kibana…

Architecture, Decorations
bakuryō 曝涼

Lit. airing. Also called mushiboshi 虫干. The practice of inspecting and airing valuables that have been in storage…

Architecture, General Terms
ban 盤

A heavy wooden plank placed above the ceiling of the first story of a two-storied pagoda *…

Architecture, General Terms
banbei 蕃塀 ✓

Also pronounced hanbei. A single, free-standing, short timber fence placed as a guard in front of the north, east,…

Architecture, Shrines
banchi ばん池

Also called hanchi 畔池 written with the character ばん池, to indicate a 'halved pond.' Lit. levee pond. A type of…

Architecture, Gardens
banjiro 番城

Short for zaiban shijō 在番支城. A branch castle *shijō 支城, with…

Architecture, Castles
banshin 番神

Also kyakushin 客神, ishin 夷神. Also written 蛮神 banshin. Gods that were thought to have originated…

Architecture, Shrines
banzuke 番付

A system used to label each structural members of a building before construction, while being dismantled for repair, or…

Architecture, General Terms
battari shōgi ばったり床几

Alternative term for a shop-front shutter and folding table *agemise …

Architecture, Folk Dwellings
bentendō 弁天堂

Also called benzaitendō 弁才天堂. A small structure that houses an image of Benten 弁天 (Sk: Sarasvati, *…

Architecture, Buildings, Structures
betsugū 別宮

Also bessha 別社, edamiya 枝宮, or edayashiro 枝社.

A god is enshrined or venerated as being…

Architecture, Shrines
betsuin 別院

Also called *gobō 御坊. In the Nagoya area, it is called kakesho…

Architecture, Buildings, Structures
biseki 尾石

Lit. tail stone. A stone in a rock garden that represents the tail of a tortoise *…

Architecture, Gardens
bishamon kikkō 毘沙門亀甲

A decorative pattern composed of three joined hexagonal shapes. It is named after the guardian deity *…

Architecture, Decorations
bishamondō 毘沙門堂 ✓

A temple hall dedicated to *Bishamonten 毘沙門天, one of the four gods, or *…

Architecture, Buildings, Structures
biwa-ita 琵琶板

Also written 枇杷板.

1 The board inserted between a bottle strut *…

Architecture, General Terms
bokashi 暈

1 A gradation of colors or tones from dark to light or vice versa. One example is colorization of the…

Architecture, Decorations, Art History, Painting
bokuseki 墨跡

Black ink brush writing by Zen 禅 priests, as well as by laymen who practiced Zen meditations and wrote Buddhist sermons, or…

Architecture, Tea Houses
bokusekimado 墨蹟窓

A window on the side wall of an alcove *tokonoma 床の間, used to provide light…

Architecture, Tea Houses
bonjimon 梵字文 ✓

Lit. Sanskrit motif. A Sanskrit character, bonji 梵字, that decorates pendants *…

Architecture, Roofing Tiles
bōrōgata tenshu 望楼型天守 ✓

A lookout tower set atop the roof of a residence *kyokan 居館, usually a…

Architecture, Castles
botan karakusa 牡丹唐草

1 Abbreviation of botan karakusagawara 牡丹唐草瓦. A roof tile, often an eaves-end tile, whose pendant…

Architecture, Roofing Tiles, Painting, Art History
bōzumi 棒隅

Lit. straight corner.
1 Buildings of any traditional type without curves on structural members under the…

Architecture, General Terms
budō karakusamon 葡萄唐草文 ✓

Also abbreviated to *budō karakusa 葡萄唐草. A grape-patterned arabesque used…

Architecture, Roofing Tiles
bugakuryū teien 武学流庭園

Lit. garden of the Bugaku lineage. A style of Japanese garden developed in the middle of the Edo period by Ōishi Bugaku 大石武学…

Architecture, Gardens
buke-zukuri 武家造

A style of residential architecture in use among the bushi 武士 or warrior class. As defined by the early 20th-…

Architecture, General Terms
bukku 仏供

Also jukubukku 熟仏供, butsuhan 仏飯, or butsushō 仏餉. Cooked rice made as an offering to the Buddha,…

Architecture, General Terms
bunmawashi 規 An old term for a compass used to draw circles. They were imported from Portugal. The beam compass has a large radius,… Architecture, Tools
buntōgata 分棟型 ✓

Lit. divided-ridge style. Often abbreviated to buntō 分棟 and sometimes referred to as betsumune-zukuri…

Architecture, Folk Dwellings
burō 廡廊

A corridor that enclosed an open area or surrounded a space in which buildings were erected. A term from the 7th-9th century…

Architecture, Buildings, Structures
bussharitō 仏舎利塔

Also called *sharitō 舎利塔. A reliquary in a stupa or pagoda. These could be…

Architecture, Buildings, Structures
busshōya 仏餉屋 ✓

Also called gokusho 御供所. A Buddhist building used to prepare ritual food offerings called busshō 仏餉, *…

Architecture, Buildings, Structures
busshudana 仏守棚 Lit. Buddha protecting shelf. A type of decorative shelf with sliding-door cabinets on the bottom and an ogee-shaped… Architecture, Aristocratic Dwellings
butaigamachi 舞台框

Lit. stage framework. A framing member that runs the entire width of the upper part of a *…

Architecture, General Terms
butaikabe 舞台壁

Lit. proscenium wall. The wall at the front part of a *kabuki 歌舞伎 stage.

Architecture, General Terms
butsudan 仏壇 ✓

An altar or tabernacle in the form of a podium, table, recess, or cabinet used in the sanctuaries of temples and in private…

Architecture, Folk Dwellings
butsudan-no-ma 仏壇の間 ✓

A room in traditional vernacular houses *minka 民家, in parts of Hyōgo Prefecture…

Architecture, Folk Dwellings
butsuden 仏殿 ✓

Also *daiyū hōden 大雄宝殿. The main hall of a Zen temple. Butsuden…

Architecture, Buildings, Structures
butsudō 仏堂

Also called *butsuden 仏殿; bukkaku 仏閣, *…

Architecture, Buildings, Structures
butsuma 仏間

A room for Buddhist images (either two- or three-dimensional images) or, especially in a residence, an altar or tabernacle…

Architecture, Buildings, Structures, Folk Dwellings
butsumon 仏門

Lit. Buddha's gate. Also *nandaimon 南大門; *…

Architecture, Gates
buzai 部材

A generic term for the structural members which form the framework *honegumi…

Architecture, General Terms
byōbudana 屏風棚

A type of decorative double hanging shelf *tsuridana 釣棚, placed in an alcove…

Architecture, Accessories
byōbuori 屏風折

Also termed *orihei 折塀 (folding wall). A castle wall that zig-zags…

Architecture, Castles
byōmon 廟門 ✓

Also called reibyōmon 霊廟門. An entrance gate to a mausoleum. It can be an elaborate gate in two-storied or simulated…

Architecture, Gates
byōtō 廟塔

Lit. mausoleum pagoda.
1 A pagoda constructed to enshrine a Buddhist image.
2 A five…

Architecture, Buildings, Structures
ibara 茨

Also called iga いが. Lit. cusp.

1 The point where two curved lines or forms meet. The…

Architecture, General Terms
ibaraki 茨城

Lit. thorn tree fortress. A simple and usually temporary fortress surrounded by thorn trees or briar bushes to defend it…

Architecture, Castles
ichi no ji kuzushi 一の字崩 ✓

A decorative pattern used for muntins on sliding doors *shōji 障子, and transoms*…

Architecture, Decorations
ichi no ji tsunagi 一の字繋

A decorative pattern used for muntins on sliding doors *shōji 障子 and transoms*…

Architecture, Decorations
ichi no ma 一の間

Lit. room one. The innermost and most prestigious room, six to twelve straw mats *tatami…

Architecture, Aristocratic Dwellings, Folk Dwellings
ichi no mon 一の門

The first or main gate of a castle. At Matsuyamajō 松山城 in Ehime Prefecture, the gate plan was square *…

Architecture, Gates, Castles
ichi no oni 一の鬼 ✓

The ogre-face tile *onigawara 鬼瓦, placed at the ends of offspring ridges *…

Architecture, Roofing Tiles
ichiboku kaidan 一木階段

A ladder hewed from a single log during the Yayoi period.

Architecture, General Terms
ichijōhan no seki 一畳半の席 ✓

Also written 一帖半の席. A very small tea ceremony room *chashitsu 茶室, no more…

Architecture, Tea Houses
ichijūdana 一重棚 ✓

Also ichijū tsuridana 一重釣棚. A single shelf suspended by a slender bamboo pole. It is made of paulownia when it…

Architecture, Tea Houses
ichimai biraki 一枚開

A single window or door opening. Also, a single door or window. They may swing on hinges one way, both ways, or slide.

Architecture, General Terms
ichimonji dana 一文字棚

A term used in all parts of Japan in the Edo period, for a straight shelf *tana…

Architecture, General Terms
ichimonji gawara 一文字瓦

1 Also called ichimonji nokigawara 一文字軒瓦; ichimonji karakusagawara 一文字唐草瓦. A type of…

Architecture, Roofing Tiles
ichimonji 一文字

1 Two strips of fabric directly above and below a painting measuring the exact width of the painting,…

Art History, Painting, Architecture, Gardens
ichirin ike 一輪生 ✓

A small flower vase which is just large enough for one flower stalk. Most vases of this type were made of ceramic but…

Architecture, Tea Houses
ido 井戸

1 A well supplying drinking water. It may be deep or narrow, depending on the depth of the water table. The…

Architecture, Folk Dwellings, Tea Houses
idoko 居所

Shortened form of idokoro 居所. A name for rooms or spaces in the following contexts:

1 In…

Architecture, Folk Dwellings
iejiro 家城

Lit. house castle.

1 A castle in the stage of historical development from a strictly military…

Architecture, Castles
igeta 井桁

1 A generic term for any group of structural members set in a grid pattern. 

2 The…

Architecture, General Terms
ijō kōbai 居定勾配

Also abbreviated to ijō 居定. The degree of pitch on the underside of a rafter support *…

Architecture, General Terms
ikazuchimon いかずち文

Lit. lightning pattern. A pattern of thick and thin zig-zag lines. A variation of raimon 雷文 (see *…

Architecture, Decorations
ike niwa 池庭

Lit. pond garden. A very general term for any garden with a pond. It includes other terms such as the archaic garden pond *…

Architecture, Gardens
ike no kokoro 池の心

Lit. heart of the pond. The most important part of a pond, which, may be the center, bottom, or surface. The term is…

Architecture, Gardens
ikegaki 生垣 ✓

Lit. living fence. A type of hedge made of trees, bamboo, or other living plants planted in a row and trimmed so as to form…

Architecture, Gardens
ikekomigata tōrō いけこみ形灯籠

Also written 生込み形灯籠. A lantern which lacks a base; the stem is inserted directly into the ground. Most lanterns of this type…

Architecture, Lanterns
ikken ikka 一間一花 ✓

A type of decorative pattern painted on coffered ceilings *gōtenjō 格天井 or…

Architecture, Decorations
ikken'ya 一軒屋

An independently framed urban-vernacular house *machiya 町家 of a more…

Architecture, Folk Dwellings
ikkensha zukuri 一間社造

A style of main shrine building that has a small one-bay sanctuary *honden…

Architecture, Shrines
ikuwamon 的門

A gate at Heijō palace, Heijōkyū 平城宮 (8th century), in Nara that no longer exists but is mentioned in Shoku Nihongi…

Architecture, Gates
ima 居間

Lit. living room. A room commonly utilized as the principal space for daily living.

1 The daily…

Architecture, Folk Dwellings
imae 居前

The correct seating position for the host when performing tea ceremony. For example, in the Urasenke 裏千家 school, a portable…

Architecture, Tea Houses
imibiyaden 忌火屋殿

Lit. pure fire hall. A hall for the preparation of food to be offered to the gods at Ise Jingu 伊勢神宮. The character 忌 imi…

Architecture, Shrines
imotsugi 芋継

Same meaning as imomeji 芋目地.

1 A straight-line, end-to-end blind stub tenon *…

Architecture, Joints
in no koguchi 陰の虎口

Defensive castle entrance, or yin entrance. A generic term for various types castle entrance *…

Architecture, Castles
in'yō no kuruwa 陰陽の郭

Defensive castle compounds in no kuruwa 陰の郭 and offensive castle compounds yō no kuruwa 陽の郭. In Chinese,…

Architecture, Castles
in'yōseki 陰陽石 ✓

Lit. yin and yang stone. A pair of stones representing male and female principles or genitalia. Also called on'yōseki…

Architecture, Gardens
inagi 稲城

Also read inaki. Lit. rice plant fortress. A small and temporary defensive palisade of bundles or sheaves of rice…

Architecture, Castles
inago 稲子

Slip fasteners. The wooden or bamboo pieces used on the reverse side of the overlapped boards of a board-and-batten ceiling…

Architecture, General Terms
inakama 田舎間

Also edoma 江戸間. A length of 1.8 m or less, defining the standard length of a single bay: the distance from the…

Architecture, Folk Dwellings
inari torii 稲荷鳥居 ✓

A type of gate-like structure *torii 鳥居 at inari 稲荷…

Architecture, Shrines
inazuma kanamono 稲妻金物

T-shaped metal fitting inserted into a track and used for hanging scrolls in an alcove *…

Architecture, Tea Houses
inazuma orekugi 稲妻折釘

Also *nijū orekugi 二重折釘. A twice bent nail that is used under the ceiling…

Architecture, Tea Houses
inazumabishi 稲妻菱 ✓

A architectural design pattern in the shape of a diamond, *hishi 菱, which…

Architecture, Decorations
inazumamon 稲妻文 ✓

Also *raimon 雷文. An architectural design pattern thought to be based on flashes…

Architecture, Decorations
inokosasu 豕扠首 ✓

Also sasuzuka sasuzaoshiki 扠首束扠首竿式, *sasuzao 扠首竿, *…

Architecture, General Terms
inome gegyo 猪目懸魚 ✓

Lit. boar's-eye gable pendant. A gable pendant *gegyo 懸魚, decorated with heart-…

Architecture, Decorations
inomedana 猪目棚 ✓

Also kariokidana 仮置棚. Lit. boar's eye shelf. A two-tiered shelf *nijūdana…

Architecture, Tea Houses
inomemado 猪目窓

Lit. boar's eye window. A window in a tea ceremony structure thought to resemble a boar's eye.

The window is really…

Architecture, Tea Houses
intō 印塔

A representation of a pagoda that has been printed or rubbed onto paper or cloth. The paper or cloth was laid on a carved…

Architecture, Buildings, Structures
inubashiri 犬走り

Also written 犬行. Lit. dog run. A narrow inset in wall ramparts, or in an embankment of earth forming a footpath or ledge.…

Architecture, General Terms

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JAANUS is the on-line Dictionary of Japanese Architectural and Art Historical Terminology compiled by Dr. Mary Neighbour Parent.

Originally built by the Atsumi International Scholarship Foundation, it is now hosted and maintained by the Media Center for Art History at Columbia University