| Title | Contains Image(s) | Description | Keywords |
|---|---|---|---|
| chōnabari 釿梁 | ✓ | Transverse roof beams that span the distance from the center posts of a vernacular house with a thatched roof to the *… |
Architecture, Folk Dwellings |
| chōnaguri 釿栗 | Cutting decorative patterns with an adze *chōna 釿 on chestnut wood … |
Architecture, General Terms | |
| chōnahajime 釿始 | Also written 釿初, 手斧初. Also called kozukuri hajime 木造り始め or onohajime 斧始め. A carpenter's ceremony performed… |
Architecture, General Terms | |
| chōnamekezuri 釿目削 | ✓ | Also called chōnahatsuri 釿斫. A decorative pattern carved into the visible surface of a timber using an adze *… |
Architecture, General Terms |
| chōren 頂蓮 | Also kairen 開蓮. A lotus flower found on the head of a *Fudō Myōō … |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| chōsenshiki yamajiro 朝鮮式山城 | Lit. Korean type mountain castle. A general term for castle structures in Japan that resemble those in ancient Korea.… |
Architecture, Castles | |
| choshi 楮紙 | Also read kōzogami and kajigami 梶紙. Formerly called kokushi 穀紙 during the Heian period. Paper… |
Art History, Painting | |
| chōshitsu 彫漆 | Carved lacquer. A generic term used for many carved lacquer techniques where layers of lacquer are applied to a thickness of… |
Art History, Crafts | |
| chōshizenshugi 超自然主義 | Lit. hyper-naturalism. The idea of basing a garden, or a single element in it, on nature, but exaggerating the natural… |
Architecture, Gardens | |
| Chotō 猪頭 | Ch: Zhutou. A painting subject depicting the Northern Song dynasty eccentric priest Zhimeng (J: Shimō 志蒙). He was known… |
Art History, Painting | |
| chōyō・taigetsu 朝陽・対月 | ✓ | Ch: chaoyang duiyue. A Zen painting subject depicting a priest sewing in the morning sun (Jp: chōyō … |
Art History, Painting |
| chōzu-ishi 手水石 | Lit. hand-washing stone. One of the seven trump stones *nanatsu-ishi 七つ石… |
Architecture, Tea Houses | |
| chōzubachi 手水鉢 | Lit. hand water bowl. A water basin used to rinse the hands or as a decorative element in gardens. Usually made of stone,… |
Architecture, Gardens | |
| chōzuya 手水舎 | Also written 手水屋. Also called suibansha 水盤舎 or temizuya 手水舎. Shrine or temple building for cleaning hands… |
Architecture, Buildings, Structures | |
| chūban 中判 | Lit. medium-size format. A size of *ukiyo-e 浮世絵 print. The term chūban… |
Art History, Painting | |
| chūberi 中縁 | A part of the mounting of a hanging scroll *kakemono 掛物. The chūberi… |
Art History, Painting | |
| chūbō 中房 | The central, circular part of a round, eave-end, pendant tile *gatō 瓦当… |
Architecture, Roofing Tiles | |
| chūdai 中台 | The middle base of a lantern *tōrō 灯籠 upon which rests the flame holder and… |
Architecture, Gardens | |
| chūdan 中段 | Middle area. In upper class residences especially from the Momoyama period and through the Edo period, seating was… |
Architecture, Aristocratic Dwellings | |
| chūden 中殿 | The space *ai-no-ma 相の間 between the sanctuary *… |
Architecture, Shrines | |
| chūdō 中堂 | Lit. central hall. A hall situated between two Buddhist halls or a hall with corridors attached on either side. The most… |
Architecture, Buildings, Structures | |
| chūhon 中本 | Lit. a middle-size book. A woodblock printed book, popular during the Edo period, which is one-half the size of a … |
Art History, Painting | |
| chūjin 中陣 | A term used in shrine architecture: a middle area between the *honden 本殿, *… |
Architecture, Shrines | |
| chūjō 中将 | A Noh mask *nōmen 能面 supposedly intended to represent the 9th-century poet and… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| chūkin 鋳金 | Metal casting. A technique used in metalwork to produce vessels or sculptures by melting down metal and pouring it into a… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| chūkondō 中金堂 | Lit. middle golden hall. An image hall *kondō 金堂 located at the center of… |
Architecture, Buildings, Structures | |
| chūmon 中門 | 1 Middle gate. The second or inner gate on the north-south axis of a temple compound in the ancient period… |
Architecture, Gates | |
| chūmon-zukuri 中門造り | A type of vernacular house *minka 民家, characterized by one or more wings or… |
Architecture, Folk Dwellings | |
| chūmonrō 中門廊 | 1 A Heian-period corridor intersected by gates. In the most elaborate Heian-period shinden style… |
Architecture, Aristocratic Dwellings | |
| chūnikai 中二階 | ✓ | A term for a loft or attic occupying the roof space of a vernacular house *minka… |
Architecture, Folk Dwellings |
| chūsei kenchiku 中世建築 | Lit. medieval architecture. Temple and shrine buildings erected during the Kamakura, Nanbokuchō, and Muromachi periods when… |
Architecture, General Terms | |
| chūshikō ganna 中仕工鉋 | A smoothing plane, used to further smooth the surface of timber after the general roughing plane *… |
Architecture, Tools | |
| chūshin kazari 中心飾 | Also tenjō chūshinkazari 天井中心飾. Lit. center flower. 1 A group of decorative patterns in… |
Architecture, Decorations | |
| Chūshingura 忠臣蔵 | A pictorial subject matter taken from The Treasury of Loyal Retainers Chūshingura, an epic and well-loved story of… |
Art History, Painting | |
| chūshinseki 中心石 | Lit. center stone(s). A single stone or stone arrangement *ishigumi 石組,… |
Architecture, Gardens | |
| chūson 中尊 | Also chūdai-no-son 中台の尊. The principal statue in a group of Buddhist statues. The central image in a triad or group… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| chūtō 柱頭 | A synonym for the large bearing block *daito 大斗 placed on the tops of pillars… |
Architecture, General Terms | |
| chūzō 鋳造 | Also imono 鋳物. Casting. A technique used to make cast sculptural forms. The base material was heated… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| zahō 坐法 | Also referred to as zasei 坐勢 (Sk: asana). A seated position for a Buddhist image. Ancient Indian ascetics used… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| zaimoku 材木 | Timber prepared for construction. | Architecture, General Terms | |
| zakanshiki teien 座観式庭園 | Lit. "seated appreciation style garden." A modern term designating gardens meant to be seen or "appreciated" from a fixed… |
Architecture, Gardens | |
| zakkeshitsu-in 雑華室印 | A collector's seal, kanzō-in 鑑蔵印, which was impressed on Song and Yuan dynasties paintings *… |
Art History, Painting | |
| Zaō Gongen 蔵王権現 | Also Kongō Zaō Bosatsu 金剛蔵王菩薩. The deity of Kinpusen 金峰山 in Nara, one of the most important deities of the Japanese… |
Art History, Iconography | |
| Zashiki hakkei 座敷八景 | Lit. "Eight parlor views"; a parody of eight views *hakkei 八景, in which… |
Art History, Painting | |
| zashiki kazari 座敷飾 | The *zashiki 座敷 is a guest room; its name deriving from that of the mat… |
Architecture, General Terms | |
| zashiki 座敷 | ✓ | A generic term for a room covered with straw mats *tatami 畳. In the Heian… |
Architecture, Aristocratic Dwellings |
| zashikigura 座敷蔵 | A two-story fireproof structure of the storehouse type *dozō 土蔵 that… |
Architecture, Storehouses | |
| zazen-ishi 座禅石 | Lit. "stone for seated meditation." A large, flat-topped stone which is used for, or thought to be appropriate for… |
Architecture, Gardens | |
| zazō 坐像 | A Buddhist image which is seated, as opposed to standing *ryūzō 立像. The… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| zen'a-in 善阿印 | Gourd-shaped shumon 朱文 style seal introduced into Japan from China during the Song and Yuan dynasties. Today there… |
Art History, Painting | |
| Zen'e zu 禅会図 | Lit. "paintings of Zen 禅 meetings." Paintings that depict a philosophical dialogue between a Zen priest and a layman,… |
Art History, Painting | |
| Zen'inshiki no niwa 禅院式の庭 | Lit. "Zen 禅 temple style gardens." A modern term designating the various types of gardens associated with Zen sect temples… |
Architecture, Gardens | |
| Zen-pa 善派 | A school of Buddhist sculptors *bussho 仏所, who often used the character 'Zen' 善… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| Zendō 禅堂 | ✓ | Architecture, Buildings, Structures | |
| Zendō 善導 | Commonly known as Zendō Daishi 善導大師 (Ch: Shandao Dashi, 613-81) or Great Master Zendō . The third patriarch of Pure… |
Art History, Iconography | |
| Zendōjigata tōrō 善導寺形灯籠 | Type of lantern found in the garden of Zendōji 善導寺, Kyoto. Six semi-spherical swellings surround the base and have been… |
Architecture, Lanterns | |
| Zenga 禅画 | Lit. "Zen 禅 (Ch: Chan) painting." A modern and somewhat ambiguous term often used to indicate painting and calligraphy that… |
Art History, Painting | |
| Zengetsuyō rakan 禅月様羅漢 | Ch: Chanyueyang Luohan. A type of ink painting of arhats or *rakan 羅漢… |
Art History, Iconography | |
| zengo hagi-awase 前後矧合 | Also abbreviated to zengohagi 前後矧. A method of making a wooden statue where the statue is carved in two separate… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| zenigata byōbu 銭形屏風 | An early type of folding screen *byōbu 屏風, in which panels are individually made… |
Art History, Painting | |
| zenigata mizubachi 銭形水鉢 | Lit. "coin shape water basin." A type of round water basins *chōzubachi 手水鉢… |
Architecture, Gardens | |
| zenjō-in 禅定印 | Lit. "meditation mudra." A mudra or hand gesture *in 印, formed by placing the palms… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| zenki-zu 禅機図 | Lit. "paintings of Zen 禅 (Ch: Chan) occasions." Illustrations of acts (including dialogues) which led to enlightenment. The… |
Art History, Painting | |
| zenkishiki karesansui 前期式枯山水 | Lit. "early style dry landscape." The Heian period arrangement of stones in areas with neither a pond nor stream. The 11th-… |
Architecture, Gardens | |
| Zenkōji shiki Amida sanzon 善光寺式阿弥陀三尊 | Images of the *Amida 阿弥陀 trinity made in the style of the Amida trinity at Zenkōji 善光寺 in… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| zenmon 前門 | An especially impressive front gate or entry. Examples are *hirakaramon… |
Architecture, Gates | |
| Zenmyōshin 善妙神 | Also known as Zenmyō nyoshin 善妙女神. A deity that protects the Kegon 華厳 sect of Buddhism. According to the legend, a… |
Art History, Iconography | |
| Zennyo Ryūō 善女竜王 | Lit. "Dragon King Zennyo." The subject of a painting by one of the disciples of *Kūkai 空海… |
Art History, Iconography | |
| zenpai 前拝 | Old name kizahashi 階 means steps (see *hashi 階). The front steps… |
Architecture, Buildings, Structures | |
| zenshi 全紙 | Lit. "full-size paper." Paper having the same size as that produced in the factory. The size varied according to each period… |
Art History, Painting | |
| Zenshitsu 禅室 | Sometimes an alternative *Zendō 禅堂. |
Architecture, Buildings, Structures | |
| Zenshū bijutsu 禅宗美術 | The general term used for any art related to the practice of Zen 禅 Buddhism in Japan. Zen flourished in Japan in the… |
Art History, General Terms | |
| Zenshū soshizō 禅宗祖師像 | Lit. "images of patriarchs of Zen 禅 sects." Paintings of Zen patriarchs. Although all schools of Buddhism create images of… |
Art History, Painting | |
| zenshūyō 禅宗様 | A style of architecture imported from China during the Song dynasty. It includes the architectural elements that came with… |
Architecture, General Terms | |
| Zenshūyō kōran 禅宗様高欄 | ✓ | Also called Karayō kōran 唐様高欄. A railing or balustrade *kōran 高欄 with… |
Architecture, General Terms |
| Zenshūyō tokyō 禅宗様斗きょう | ✓ | Also called Karayō tokyō 唐様斗きょう. A Zen style bracket complex. The bracket arms *… |
Architecture, General Terms |
| zentei 前庭 | Lit. "front garden." A general term referring to the garden in front of a building. In contrast to the main garden which is… |
Architecture, Gardens | |
| zetsu 舌 | ✓ | Lit. "tongue." A thin ornamental molding *kurigata 繰形, carved on the bottom… |
Architecture, General Terms |
| zō-onna 増女 | A Noh mask *nōmen 能面, representing a young angel, goddess or enlightened woman.… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| Zō Tōdaiji Zōbussho 造東大寺造仏所 | Also Tōdaiji Zōbussho 東大寺造仏所. A workshop which made statues for Tōdaiji 東大寺 in Nara. In 748, the government set up a… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| zōbana 象鼻 | ✓ | Also read zōhana. A beam projection or nosing *kibana 木鼻, molded or… |
Architecture, Decorations |
| zōbussho 造仏所 | Government-run workshops making Buddhist statues during the Nara period. Post-9th-century independent and temple-run… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| Zōchōten 増長天 | Sk: Virudhaka. A fierce-looking guardian deity *funnusō 忿怒相, believed to… |
Art History, Iconography | |
| zōgan 象嵌 | Inlay. It is also written 象眼 (elephant eye). A decoration technique in which the surface of such materials as metal, pottery… |
Art History, Crafts | |
| zōkinzuri 雑巾摺 | ✓ | Also called hōkizuri 掃摺 or zōkindome 雑巾留. A long thin finishing board, similar to a base board, that is… |
Architecture, General Terms |
| zokutaizō 俗体像 | A portrait of a lay person in formal secular dress. This contrasts with the more numerous portraits of Buddhist priests… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| zōmen 蔵面 | Offertory mask. Cloth or paper masks used in *bugaku 舞楽 in the pieces *… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| zōnai nōnyūhin 像内納入品 | Also nōnyūhin 納入品, tainai nōnyūhin 胎内納入品, tainai nōnyūbutsu 胎内納入物. Objects found in the… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| zōsaku 雑作 | Also witten 造作. |
Architecture, General Terms | |
| zōshu 像主 | A patron. A person who requests the building of a Buddhist temple or work of art. |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| zōzōki 造像記 | Also zōzōki daiki 造像題記, zōzōmei 造象銘. A record that keeps track of the completion and repair dates of a… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| zuan 図案 | A rough sketch of a building plan including, floor plans, elevations, the placement of doors and windows, etc. |
Architecture, General Terms | |
| zuijinmon 随神門 | Middle gates *chūmon 中門 with statues of Zuijin 随神, shrine guards… |
Architecture, Gates | |
| zuizō 瑞像 | A name given to a sandalwood statue of Shaka Nyorai 釈迦如来 (in the same style as the figure in Seiryōji 清涼寺, Kyoto). See *… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| zukō 頭光 | Lit. head light. A nimbus or halo that encircles the head of an image of a Buddhist deity. In the case of sculpture it is… |
Art History, Sculpture | |
| zumi 棠梨 | A yellow pigment *ganryō 顔料, made from the bark of the deciduous… |
Art History, Painting | |
| zushi 厨子 | 1 A miniature shrine in which Buddhist images or rolls of sutras kyō 経 are kept. Reliquary… |
Architecture, General Terms | |
| zushi 辻子 | 1 Also written 図子, 途子. A crossroads or intersection of two roads. See *… |
Architecture, Folk Dwellings | |
| zushidana 厨子棚 | Miniature shrine shelf. A cabinet shrine *zushi 厨子, used to store the writing… |
Art History, Crafts | |
| zuzō 図像 | Iconographic sketches of Buddhist images done in simple ink drawing (see *hakubyō… |
Art History, Painting |
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