Also written 貼交絵. Prints of two or more subjects on a single page. Most common are colored paper shapes, poem-card *…

Also haritsukega 貼付画. Abbreviation of kabe haritsuke-e 壁貼付絵. Paintings on paper (or infrequently on silk)…

A thin (1.5 cm+), flat wooden frame glued to silk to stabilize it while it is being painted *…

A school of painters active in the 16th and the 17th century, founded by Hasegawa Tōhaku 長谷川等伯 (1539-1610) who is thought to…

1　A pictorial subject based on "The Lady at the Bridge" Hashihime, Chapter 45 of Genji…

1　Paintings e 絵 executed on the interior pillars *hashira…

Ch: baxian. Lit. "eight immortals." The eight figures considered to be the experts in and protectors of Daoism. The…

Ch: Bazhong huapu. Primer on Eight Varieties of Painting, a compilation of eight texts on poetry and painting…

Also written 八双, 雙双, 八宗. Can also be called hyōmoku 表木 when referring to hanging scrolls *…

An abbreviation for Yoshitsune hassōtobi 義経八艘飛 or Yoshitsune's Leap over Eight Boats, one of the many legends…

Also written 廿一. Lit. "Barely twenty." Noh mask *nōmen 能面 representing the…

Also hatasode 端袖, hiresode 鰭袖. A style of sleeve found on Buddhist images. The sleeve of the robe is tied…

Ch: pomo. Lit. "splashed ink." An ink painting *suibokuga …

A pictorial subject taken from "The First Warbler" or more literally "The First Song," Chapter 23 of Genji monogatari…

Written 折, 片木, or 剥.

1　A sculpture process of thinly shaving or scraping.

2…

The Heian period (794-1185), during which Heian-kyō 平安京 (later, Kyoto) became the political and cultural capital of Japan.…

Ch. pingtuo. A technique in which thin sheets of metal are cut into decorative shapes and set in a lacquer base;…

Lit. "paintings of Heike." The usual abbreviation of Heike monogatari-e 平家物語絵, illustrations of famous incidents…

Also heiji. A type of wine vessel with a long slim neck with narrow mouth and round bottom, or narrow mouth, round…

A Noh mask *nōmen 能面 representing a strong warrior in full maturity. Wide open…

Lit. "wall painting" or "mural."

1　A generic term applied to all the paintings related to…

1　Also called *gaku 額. A tablet or board, framed or unframed, on…

The transformations in which *Kannon 観音 appears in order to save sentient beings. The…

Also called zanzan jōsui 残山剰水 (Ch: canshan shengshui) or left-over mountains and remaining water. A…

Ch: bianxiang. Also called hen 変 (Ch: bian) or kyōhen 経変 (Ch: jingbian).…

A style of wearing a Buddhist robe where the right shoulder is exposed. Frequently seen on *…

Also pronounced hensan or called fukuken-e 覆肩衣, which literally means garment covering the shoulders. A…

Lit. "secret Buddha." A Buddhist image which is ordinarily kept secret. Hibutsu are enshrined in miniature shrines…

Fire-cord design. A decoration used on ceramics. While appearing accidental, this is a method created by the special…

Also known as Hie 日吉 (can be read Hiyoshi) Matsuri 祭 or Sannō Matsuri 山王祭. A pictorial subject depicting the festival of Hie…

Two Noh masks *nōmen 能面 used one in the first and the other in the second act of…

Lit. "east mountain culture." The culture of the middle Muromachi period *…

A woodblock printed advertisement used to announce a store, publicize a product, or advertise a new publication. In the…

Also read hikime kagibana and written 引目鈎鼻. Lit. "slit eyes, hooked nose." A technique used to draw faces of the…

Lit. "hemp-fiber texture stroke;" a type of brushstroke, so called because it resembles a loose hemp thread. A texture brush…

Also pronounced hiinagatabon. Lit. "miniature stamped book." A small-sized woodblock printed book produced during…

The manor of using a painting brush in Eastern art and calligraphy. Brush use technique was first mentioned by Xie He (Jp:…

A technique used to apply color evenly over an underpainting, without regard for lines. If the overcoat is opaque, the under…

Also hiregata tenne 鰭形天衣. Lit. "fin-shaped heavenly scarf." A long, ornamental scarf (see *…

A type of decorative band *kansen 鐶釧, found on the upper arms of bodhisattva *…

1　Also hishigata 菱形. A diamond or lozenge shape. A term used to describe diamond-shaped cross…

1　 Diamond- or lozenge-shaped lattice or muntins used on doors, transoms, and fences *…

A diamond or lozenge-shaped motif that is a type of traditional design motif *…

Flying apsaras. Heavenly beings invisible to the human eye, believed to fly with superhuman power and speed. Found in Middle…

Also hitenkō 飛天光. Lit. "flying apsaras nimbus." A halo *kōhai 光背…

Also Hitomaru zō 人丸像. An imaginary portrait of the Nara period poet Kakinomotono Hitomaro 柿本人麿, who is…

Lit. "greenfinch color." A light olive color, produced by adding a small amount of indigo *…

Also written 檜皮色.

1　A shade of dark brown, lit. "cypress-bark color." Old names include juhi…

A narrative painting or a relief of a story, called Avadana in Sanskrit which relates stories of Buddha's disciples and…

A decoration in the shape of a lion's head *shigami 獅噛, found on…

Lit. "Shank's Mare." A ribald classic by Jippensha Ikku 十返舎一九 (1765-1831) tracing the adventures of the two bumpkins…

Ch: Pang Jushi. Lit. "The Layman Pang." Regarded as an incarnation of Vimalakirti (Jp: *Yuima…

Also suibyō 瓶. A flower vase, found as an attribute *jimotsu 持物…

Repainting or supplementary brushwork. To add to, attempt to finish, or correct a painting or calligraphy by adding brush…

An accordion style book-binding *orihon 折本. So called because it is used for…

1　Also pronounced hōshu. A sacred gem. Usually a ball or tear-drop shape object that is sacred to…

A type of nimbus *zukō 頭光, or halo, found on a Buddhist image in the shape…

Also hōshumon. A design of spherical jewels with slightly pointed tops, frequently with flames rising from the…

Lit. "*Amida 阿弥陀 with a Jeweled Crown." A typical representation of Buddha…

Also tenkan 天冠. A crown on a Buddhist sculpture. Usually made in wood or bronze openwork *…

A statue of Buddha wearing a crown ornamented with precious stones. This tradition originated in India, first with crowned…

Also hōkei 寶髻. The hair of a sculpted figure tied up on top of the head in a topknot. Found on bodhisattva *…

Drawings or paintings, zu 図, depicting the doctrine and stories of the Lotus Sutra Hokekyō 法華経,…

Lit. "Dharma-realm meditation mudra." Hokkai 法界 is the Dharma-realm, (Sk: dharmadhatu), and jōin…

Lit. "Lotus Mandala." Also Hokekyō mandara 法華経曼荼羅 (mandala depiction of the Lotus Sutra), Hokekyō hōtō…

Lit. "Hōkoku festival." The special celebration on the seventh anniversary of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's 豊臣秀吉 (1536-98) death,…

Ch: beizonghua. The Northern school of Chinese painting as opposed to the Southern school of painting *…

A variety of mandala dedicated to specific deities *besson mandara 別尊曼荼羅…

Sk: ratnapeta. Lit. "a box for treasures." The treasures referred to are sutras. As a *…

Authoritative Summary of the Rules of Japanese Painting by Tosa Mitsuoki 土佐光起 (1617-91). As part of Mitsuoki's…

History of Painting in Japan, a late 17th century compendium of artists' biographies and the history of painting in…

Commonly known as Hōnen Shōnin 法然上人 or St. Hōnen (1133-1212), founder of the Pure Land, Jōdo 浄土 sect in Japan. After early…

Shinto/Buddhist syncretism. In its early phase, this is called shinbutsu shūgō 神仏習合. The term honji…

The original Buddhist identity of a Shinto deity *kami 神. Sometime before the…

Lit. "Illustrations of original lives." The original lives; honjō 本生 or honshō, or former lives of…

Also written 飜刻本. A facsimile or reprint (often in modern typeface) of a manuscript or old book. A reprint of an already…

A manner of representing drapery folds in Buddhist sculpture, in which high rounded curves regularly alternate with low…

The principal image (or group of images) of worship at a Buddhist temple or a single building within the temple complex. The…

A type of mounting *hyōsō 表装 for a hanging scroll *…

1　A phoenix. A mythical Chinese bird, thought to have been introduced to Japan in the Asuka period. The…

Also read hora. Also written 宝螺. Also sometimes called ra 螺. Sk: dharmasankha. A conch shell used…

1　Lit. "Mt. Penglai." Ch: Penglaishan. The most famous of the three Elysian mountain-isles believed to lie…

Lit. "night attack on the Horikawa Palace." A pictorial subject depicting one of the many events in the life of tragic hero…

A method of color application in *yamato-e やまと絵, whereby the…

A specific type of mandala *besson mandara 別尊曼荼羅, based on the Daihō…

Measurements of a Buddhist statue and attachments. They include:

sōkō 総高: full height including the…

Also sujikō 筋光, nukigokō 貫後光, and kasagokō 傘御光. A radial nimbus. A type of the…

Lit. "star mandara." A variety of dedicated mandala *Butsugen mandara…

An abbreviation of hōshogami 奉書紙, hōsho paper. A type of *washi…

Also *aka-e 赤絵. A woodblock print colored only with shades of red. The color was…

Lit. "narrow format." A size of *ukiyo-e 浮世絵 print. The term hosoban is applied…

1　Also read hossōge, an abbreviation of hōsōgemon 宝相華文. Lit. "precious flower."…

Also hassai 髪際. Lit. "Hairline." The point where the hair meets the forehead on a sculpted figure. The hairline is…

Lit. "Six Patriarchs of the Hossō sect." In Japan: Shin'ei 神叡 (?-737), Genbō 玄昉 (?-746), Zenshu 善珠 (723-97), Gyōga 行賀 (729…

Also 白払. A kind of brush, used to drive away insects during meditation. The hossu originated in ancient India, and…

A pictorial subject taken from "Fireflies" Hotaru, Chapter 25 of Genji monogatari 源氏物語 (The Tale…

Ch: Budai. A semi-legendary, itinerant 10th-century Buddhist monk who became a popular subject in Chinese and Japanese ink…

The act of passing a Buddhist statue from the hands of the artist to the temple that commissioned the piece. Because the…

Also hōfukuzō 法服像. Lit. "portrait in religious (i.e. Buddhist) appearance." A portrait of a person who has…

Lit. "A hundred tales." Traditional and contemporary ghost stories as told, written, and illustrated in the Edo period.…