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  • (-) General Terms (172)
  • Architecture (166)
  • Art History (9)
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Displaying 1 - 100 of 172
Title Contains Image(s) Description Keywords
fuebashira 笛柱

Lit. flute post. The thick post at the right rear corner of a noh stage, *…

Architecture, General Terms
Fujiwara jidai 藤原時代

Fujiwara period. A period of approximately two hundred years corresponding to the Middle Heian period (Heian chūki…

Art History, General Terms
fukioroshi 葺下

Also written 葺卸. The extension of a roof or the elongation of eaves on the main part of a building in order to cover an…

Architecture, General Terms
fukitsuchi 吹土

The layer of clay spread on sheathing, *shitaji 下地, sometimes called …

Architecture, General Terms
fukiyose 吹寄

1 The arrangement of muntins, lattice (*fukiyose gōshi…

Art History, General Terms, Sculpture, Architecture
fukiyose daruki 吹寄垂木 ✓

The grouping of two or three parallel rafters placed closely together with a wide space between each group. The spaces…

Architecture, General Terms
fukiyose gōshi 吹寄格子 ✓

Lit. grouped or varying numbered lattice. Lattice or small beams arranged to form patterns in transoms, *…

Architecture, General Terms
fukiyosebashira 吹寄柱 Evenly spaced pillars or posts that are arranged so that two or more are in line. The amount of the space between the… Architecture, General Terms
fukubachi 伏鉢

Also written 覆鉢; also called fukuhatsu ふくはつ. The small inverted bowl-like fixture placed on the box-like cover, *…

Architecture, General Terms
fukumi 含 ✓

A channel. The part of a bearing block, *masu 斗, that is cut out either as a one-…

Architecture, General Terms
fumisagari 踏下

The distance from the ridge of a roof, *munagi 棟木, to the eave end, *…

Architecture, General Terms
fumizura 踏面

Also called fumi-ita 踏板. The horizontal surface, known as the tread, on steps or stairs. The board, plank, or…

Architecture, General Terms
funahijiki 舟肘木 ✓

A boat-shaped bracket arm placed directly on top of a pillar to carry a purlin, *gagyō…

Architecture, General Terms
funazoko tenjō 舟底天井

Also called *yakata tenjō 屋形天井, an upside-down houseboat-shaped ceiling. A…

Architecture, General Terms
furesumi 振隅

Refers to the pitch of a roof that is different on the front and back from the pitch of the sides. The hip rafters at the…

Architecture, General Terms
furesumigi 振隅木

A hip rafter, *sumigi 隅木, which cannot bisect the purlins, *…

Architecture, General Terms
furiwake 振分

The center line of a surface that has been divided equally. The line may run vertically or horizontally. This center point…

Architecture, General Terms
furoku 不陸 Lit. not horizontal. A surface which is not flat or horizontal to the ground. Architecture, General Terms
fuse-zu 伏図

A framing plan showing the structural arrangement and details of various parts of a building including the floor, ceiling,…

Architecture, General Terms
fushin 普請

Originally, the solicitation of great numbers of people to help construct Zen temple buildings. By the 14th century, …

Architecture, General Terms
fushinchō 普請帳 ✓

The ledger or account books in which material and labor costs incurred during a construction project were recorded. …

Architecture, General Terms
fushoku 腐蝕

Wood rot. Wood rot can be either dry rot, kanshoku 乾蝕, or wet rot, shisshoku 湿蝕. Wet rot is particularly…

Architecture, General Terms
fusuma 襖 ✓

An abbreviation for fusumashōji 襖障子, an opaque sliding screen, as distinguished from the translucent screen, *…

Architecture, General Terms
futakoshi yane 二腰屋根

A roof that has two different inclines between the ridge and eave ends. It changes its direction of flow without any…

Architecture, General Terms
futanoki 二軒 ✓

A double row of rafters, called base rafters and flying rafters, that appears beneath the eaves of a roof. The base rafters…

Architecture, General Terms
futate hijiki 二手肘木 A bracket arm that forms the second outward step of a two-stepped bracket complex. Architecture, General Terms
futatesakigumi 二手先組 ✓

Also called futatesaki tokyō 二手先斗きょう or futatesaki kumimono 二手先組物. A bracket complex composed of two steps…

Architecture, General Terms
futatsudo tokyō 二(双)斗斗(きょう)

Also written 双斗斗きょう and pronounced the same way, or these characters can be read narabido tokyō or sōdo tokyō…

Architecture, General Terms
hachimaki 鉢巻 ✓

The name for a thickly plastered area projecting from the wall below the eaves of a building. Used on storehouses, *…

Architecture, General Terms
haegi 延木

Also haigi. An archaic term for *nodaruki, 野垂木 (a hidden rafter). A…

Architecture, General Terms
hafu kojiri 破風木尻

Also written 破風鐺, hafujiri 破風尻, or hafubana 破風鼻. The lower end of a bargeboard on a hip-and-gable…

Architecture, General Terms
hafu ogami 破風拝 ✓

Also called hafugashira, 破風頭, or hafu-no-ogami, 破風の拝. The joint between two bargeboards, hafu-ita…

Architecture, General Terms
hafu 破風

Also written 搏風. Also called hafu-ita 破風板. A bargeboard. Straight or curved boards laid flat against the ridge ends…

Architecture, General Terms
hafugoshi 破風腰

The center of a bargeboard, *hafu 破風, which is determined by its length. It…

Architecture, General Terms
hagarazai 端柄材

Also written 羽柄材. Also called hagaramono, 端柄物, 羽柄物; or yamabikizai 山挽材. A general term for trimmed boards…

Architecture, General Terms
haibutsu 廃仏

Lit. abolish Buddha. It was government policy during the early Meiji period to repress Buddhism in favor of Shinto which was…

Art History, General Terms
haichi-zu 配置図

A layout drawing on a plot plan showing topography in minute detail and the position of buildings within the boundaries of a…

Architecture, General Terms
hainobe 配延

Also hainobi 配延び or nobi 延び. A carpenters' standard term for extensions created by slopes. Example: Where the horizontal…

Architecture, General Terms
haiseki 配石

Lit. stone arrangement. To arrange stones in consideration of their shape, color, and character. 
 

Architecture, General Terms
haitsuke daruki 配付垂木 ✓

Also sashidaruki 挿垂木 or 指垂木. To join rafters *taruki 垂木 which is…

Architecture, General Terms
hajikidake 弾竹

Also bakuchiku-bashira 爆竹柱.

1 A method. Introduced in the Edo period, of constructing the…

Architecture, General Terms
hakarihijiki 秤肘木 ✓

A single bracket arm *hijiki 肘木, which is set into a large bearing block *…

Architecture, General Terms
hakkakuotoshi-no-kado 八角落の角 ✓

Also yatsunaka-no-korobi 八中の転. The method used to determine the incline of the main posts of a *…

Architecture, General Terms
hakomune 箱棟

A prominent box-like ridge framed in timber astride the apex of a roof. In section it resembles a miniature building with a…

Architecture, General Terms
Hakuhō jidai 白鳳時代

The Hakuhō period (645-710) referred to in recent scholarship as the Late Asuka period, Asuka jidai kōki 飛鳥時代後期.…

Art History, General Terms
hamayuka 浜床

Also called *chōdai 帳台 in the Heian period.


1 A low…

Architecture, General Terms
hame-ishi 羽目石

Also written 嵌石. A stone panel. A component of the formal style podium *danjōzumi…

Architecture, General Terms
hame-ita 羽目板

Also written 嵌板. A wooden panel or board used as wall covering. It may be horizontally or vertically set. The boards may…

Architecture, General Terms
han-nageshi 半長押 ✓

Lit. half non-penetrating horizontal beam. A non-penetrating beam which is 3/5 the diameter of a building 's main pillar…

Architecture, General Terms
hana-akarimado 花明窓

Also kameimado, *oribemado 織部窓, *…

Architecture, General Terms
hana 鼻 ✓

Lit. nose. Also called hanasaki 鼻先. The end or tip of a structural member such as a beam, rafter end, ridge end,…

Architecture, General Terms
hanagarami 鼻絡 A relatively small tie beam placed slightly inside and under the eave ends on a board roof. It not only ties the boards… Architecture, General Terms
hanahijiki 花肘木 ✓

Lit. flower bracket arm. A decorative bracket arm *hijiki 肘木 that appeared in…

Architecture, General Terms
hanakakushi-ita 鼻隠板 ✓

A fascia board. A board nailed flat against the rafter ends, characteristic of the daibutsu style *…

Architecture, General Terms
hanamashi 鼻増

Also sorimashi 反増; terimashi 照増. The gradual increase in height toward the ends of rafters *…

Architecture, General Terms
hanamichi 花道

Lit.flower path. A long elevated walkway on the left side of a *kabuki…

Architecture, General Terms
hanamoya 鼻母屋

Pole plates. Horizontal members that are positioned on the outer end of raking beams *…

Architecture, General Terms
hanbashira 半柱

Lit. half column. Also katabutabashira 片蓋柱 (half-covered pillar). The half visible column on the exterior or…

Architecture, General Terms
hanchiku 版築

Also read banchiku. A method of making the core of a podium *danjōzumi…

Architecture, General Terms
hanegi 桔木

A cantilever. A heavy, rough member used in a hidden roof *noyane …

Architecture, General Terms
hanegimakura 桔木枕

Lit. a cantilever pillow. A transverse beam supported by the eave purlin *dashigeta…

Architecture, General Terms
hanegiosae 桔木押

A beam running at a right angle to the cantilevers *hanegi 桔木, used in a hidden…

Architecture, General Terms
hankirizuma-zukuri 半切妻造 ✓

Also called hakamagoshi yane 袴腰屋根, or kabutoyane 兜屋根. A style of roof similar to the hipped roof *…

General Terms, Architecture
hankōran 半高欄

A simple style of balustrade placed around a low, step-like veranda *hamayuka…

Architecture, General Terms
hanshige daruki 半繁垂木

The distance between two rafters of this type is equal to the sum of the height of a rafter plus the width of its bottom…

Architecture, General Terms
hanshōji 半障子

A sliding screen made of a light wooden frame covered with translucent paper. It is about 1 m-1.3 m high. 1.3 m hanshōji…

Architecture, General Terms
hanshōjibusuma 半障子襖

Also called han-akarishōji 半明障子. A pair of sliding screens with a lattice frame covered with translucent paper *…

Architecture, General Terms
hara 腹

Lit. belly. The concave underside, of a curved beam, for example, a curved transverse beam *…

Architecture, General Terms
harakugi 腹釘 Nails driven into the sides of a board that is parallel to its edges in order to stabilize it.
Architecture, General Terms
hari 梁 ✓

A transverse or cross beam positioned at a right angle to a roof ridge. It stretches the width of a building to receive the…

Architecture, General Terms
haribasami 梁挟

Also called haritsunagi 梁繋. Tie beams that run parallel to the roof ridge. One is positioned across the upper…

Architecture, General Terms
harichigae tenjō 張違天井

A ceiling which is embellished with wooden squares of different kinds placed in a checker-board pattern. The ribs of a…

Architecture, General Terms
harigumi 梁組

Also called kōka 構架. The beam system of a roof.
 

Architecture, General Terms
hariita tenjō 張板天井

A plain board ceiling. When paper or silk are pasted over the ceiling boards for decorative purposes, the ceiling is called…

Architecture, General Terms
harima 梁間

Also referred to as *hariyuki 梁行; also written 張り間.…

Architecture, General Terms
hariyuki 梁行

Transverse beams that run at right angles to lengthwise beams. In Japanese architecture hariyuki usually run the…

Architecture, General Terms
hashi 階

Also read kizahashi, kidahashi. Lit. a step, stair, stairway, staircase. Hashi is used to refer…

Architecture, General Terms
hashibami 端喰 ✓

Also written hashibame 端嵌. Narrow long strips of wood made to cover the top and bottom of doors composed of several…

Architecture, General Terms
hashikakushi 階隠

1 A pent roof built above the stairs on one side of the annex tai-no-ya 対の屋 in aristocratic style…

Architecture, General Terms
hashikakushi-no-ma 階隠の間

Also hikakushi-no-ma 日隠の間, hashi-no-ma 階の間, or mihashi-no-ma 御階の間. The space between the posts at…

Architecture, General Terms
hashira-ishi 柱石 Also called *kutsu-ishi 沓石 (boot stone). Lit. post stone. Usually a square foundation… Architecture, General Terms
hashira 柱 ✓

The generic term for any type of pillar, column, post, pier, and strut, the basic members of Japanese timber architecture.…

Architecture, General Terms
hashiraban 柱盤

A pillar base. A long beam which forms the base for pillars or posts in the upper part of a building.

Architecture, General Terms
hashirama sōchi 柱間装置

A generic term in traditional architecture referring to any architectural element with an interior finish found within a bay…

Architecture, General Terms
hashirama 柱間

A bay or span. The distance between pillars, measuring from the center of the pillars.

Architecture, General Terms
hashirasuji 柱筋 The direction of a line of pillars.
Architecture, General Terms
hashirayose 柱寄

An ancient word meaning the same as *hōdate 方立, a vertical member placed on…

Architecture, General Terms
hata-ita 鰭板

Also read hire-ita but this reading is considered to be incorrect according to the Kaokuzakkō 家屋雑考 (…

Architecture, General Terms
hatchū-zukuri 八注造

Also called hakkaku yane 八角屋根. The eight-sided roof of an octagonal hall *…

Architecture, General Terms
hayashiza 囃子座

The place on a noh stage *nōbutai 能舞台 where three or four musicians sit,…

Architecture, General Terms
hazama-ishi 狭間石

1 Also read sama-ishi. Rough stones placed between pillar base stones when a building is erected…

Architecture, General Terms
hegi-ita 枌板

Also written 剥板; sogi-ita 殺板, 曽木板.



1 Thin strips of plaited cedar or sawara…

Architecture, General Terms
Heian jidai 平安時代

The Heian period (794-1185), during which Heiankyō 平安京 (later, Kyoto) became the political and cultural capital of Japan.…

Art History, General Terms
Heiankyū 平安宮

Heian Imperial Palace, located in the northern part of the Heian Capital. Enclosed by clay walls, buildings included the…

Architecture, General Terms
heijiku 幣軸 ✓

Also hezuke or henzuke 辺付. Thought to be a corruption of a term used in Shōsōin documents Shōsōin…

Architecture, General Terms
heikō daruki 平行垂木 ✓

Rafters laid parallel to each other from the ridge almost to the eave ends. When parallel rafters reach the corner of the…

Architecture, General Terms
heimen-zu 平面図

1 Also *fuse-zu 伏図. The two-dimensional drawing of…

Architecture, General Terms
hekitai 壁体

Also written 壁體. The material from which a wall is made, excluding any added exterior veneer or covering. It can also mean…

Architecture, General Terms
hennen 編年

The arrangement of things (buildings, temples, paintings, sculptures, etc.) chronologically according to historical period…

Architecture, General Terms
henzai 辺材 ✓

Also called shirata 白太. Sapwood. The part of a tree trunk miki 幹 that is just beneath the bark juhi…

Architecture, General Terms

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JAANUS is the on-line Dictionary of Japanese Architectural and Art Historical Terminology compiled by Dr. Mary Neighbour Parent.

Originally built by the Atsumi International Scholarship Foundation, it is now hosted and maintained by the Media Center for Art History at Columbia University