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  • (-) General Terms (94)
  • Architecture (89)
  • Art History (5)
  • Folk Dwellings (3)
  • Tea Houses (1)

Displaying 1 - 94 of 94
Title Contains Image(s) Description Keywords
ibara 茨

Also called iga いが. Lit. cusp.

1 The point where two curved lines or forms meet. The…

Architecture, General Terms
ichiboku kaidan 一木階段

A ladder hewed from a single log during the Yayoi period.

Architecture, General Terms
ichimai biraki 一枚開

A single window or door opening. Also, a single door or window. They may swing on hinges one way, both ways, or slide.

Architecture, General Terms
ichimonji dana 一文字棚

A term used in all parts of Japan in the Edo period, for a straight shelf *tana…

Architecture, General Terms
igeta 井桁

1 A generic term for any group of structural members set in a grid pattern. 

2 The…

Architecture, General Terms
ijō kōbai 居定勾配

Also abbreviated to ijō 居定. The degree of pitch on the underside of a rafter support *…

Architecture, General Terms
ikebana 生け花

Lit. to keep flowers alive. Flower arrangements. Originated in Buddhist flower offerings kuge 供花 from the 6th…

Art History, General Terms
iki いき

The aesthetic ideal of the Edo merchant class during the late 18th and 19th centuries, combining material sensuality and…

Art History, General Terms
inago 稲子

Slip fasteners. The wooden or bamboo pieces used on the reverse side of the overlapped boards of a board-and-batten ceiling…

Architecture, General Terms
inokosasu 豕扠首 ✓

Also sasuzuka sasuzaoshiki 扠首束扠首竿式, *sasuzao 扠首竿, *…

Architecture, General Terms
inubashiri 犬走り

Also written 犬行. Lit. dog run. A narrow inset in wall ramparts, or in an embankment of earth forming a footpath or ledge.…

Architecture, General Terms
inufusegi 犬防木

Also pronounced inubōgi.

1 In temples and shrines, a lattice *…

Architecture, General Terms, Folk Dwellings
inuyarai 犬矢来 ✓

Also called komafusegi 駒防ぎ. Concave screens about 60 cm high and of varying length made of closely-spaced bent…

Architecture, General Terms
ippan zu 一般図

General drawings which reflect all the contents of a building, its plan and design. Such drawings must depict the function…

Architecture, General Terms
ireko-ita 入子板 ✓

Also called *wata-ita 綿板. Thin panels of wood inserted between the rails …

Architecture, General Terms
irigawabashira 入側柱

Also called moyabashira 母屋柱 or 身舎柱. Pillars that are erected inside and parallel to the pillars positioned on the…

Architecture, General Terms
iriguchiwaku 入口枠

A door frame made of a head lintel and vertical door jambs to which doors are attached with hinges.

Architecture, General Terms
irihashibashira 入端柱

Pillars *hashira 柱 at the inner boundary of a pent roof…

Architecture, General Terms
irikawa 入側

1 A corridor or passageway between the main body of a residence and the veranda. It is also found in temple…

Architecture, General Terms
irikawageta 入側桁

Purlins, *keta 桁, placed along the tops of pillars surrounding the…

Architecture, General Terms
irimoya hafu 入母屋破風

The bargeboards on the gable end of a hip-and-gable roof *irimoya yane…

Architecture, General Terms
irimoya yane 母屋屋根

A hip-and-gable roof. In Japanese architecture, the gable part is usually over the core area of the building, *…

Architecture, General Terms
irimoya-zukuri 入母屋造 ✓

A hip-and-gable roof construction, or a building with this roof construction. A gable type roof has a ridge and gable…

Architecture, General Terms
irisumi 入隅 ✓

The internal angle made by the junction of two planes, such as walls, a wall and ceiling, or the inside angle made by the…

Architecture, General Terms
ishibadate 石場建

Also kanokodate 鹿の子建 and ishitsuki 石付. A technique used at a folk dwelling to attach a pillar to a…

Architecture, General Terms
ishiguchi 石口

The point at which a base stone and a pillar are joined. The upper surface of a plinth stone on which another stone may be…

Architecture, General Terms
ishiwari 石割

1 The cutting and arrangement of stones.

2 The layout of masonry.

Architecture, General Terms
ita 板

Also written 鈑 or 版. Originally a relatively thin flat timber, stone, or sheet of metal. In the medieval period (1185-1568…

Architecture, General Terms
ita ishi 板石

A thin, flat stone resembling a board. Also called a plate stone. The stone can be divided into three types depending on the…

Architecture, General Terms
ita ranma 板欄間 ✓

Traditional transoms that are made of wood and have sections filled with a single board, or one or two parts are filled with…

Architecture, General Terms
ita tenjō 板天井

Also called itabari tenjō 板張天井 or *hariita tenjō 張板天井…

Architecture, General Terms
itabei 板塀

A wooden board or plank fence. Wooden fences made of planks and set directly into the ground are called hottate itabei…

Architecture, General Terms
itabi 板碑 ✓

One type of pagoda or stupa, tōba 塔婆, in the form of a flat stone stele that became prevalent in the early 13th…

Architecture, General Terms
itabuki 板葺 ✓

Wood shingles. Widely used in Japan for buildings of many kinds, ranging from palaces, elite residences, shrines, and…

Architecture, General Terms, Folk Dwellings
itabuki yane 板葺屋根

A roof structure covered with boards or planks. Various names are used depending on the size of the boards. A large plan…

Architecture, General Terms
itachigai 板違 ✓

Wooden panels with the grain set in alternating directions in a coffered ceiling *…

Architecture, General Terms
itadatami 板畳

1 The boards covered by tightly woven straw mats *tatami 畳,…

Architecture, General Terms
itago 板子

An Edo period term for wooden planks with a rectangular cross-section, between 5 cm and 30 cm thick. These planks were cut…

Architecture, General Terms
itajiki 板敷

A common type of wooden board flooring commonly used before thick straw matting *tatami…

Architecture, General Terms
itakarado 板唐戸 ✓

Also read itagarado; also called itatobira 板扉. A 6th-7th century door made of a single, thick wooden plank…

Architecture, General Terms
itame 板目 ✓ 1 A board cut in such a way that the grain lines are not parallel but instead are rather pointed or having irregular wavy… Architecture, General Terms
itanoki 板軒 ✓

Thick boards used to cover exposed base rafters visible under eaves. Examples: Eihōji Kannondō 永保寺観音堂 (1315), Gifu…

Architecture, General Terms
itaosae 板押

Also read itaoshi. Battens used to prevent boards from moving. They are long, thin strips of wood set vertically…

Architecture, General Terms
itomasa 糸柾

A shortened form of itomasame 糸柾目. Straight, narrow grained wood. Two examples are Japanese arborvitae, nezuko…

Architecture, General Terms
itomen 糸面

A very narrow, chamfer about 3 mm wide, made by planing the corners of posts. The term has been used from the 17th century…

Architecture, General Terms
itsutesaki 五手先

A rare five-stepped bracket complex found at a temple on Sado 佐渡 Island, Niigata Prefecture.

Architecture, General Terms
yagura kemudashi 櫓煙出 ✓

Also written 櫓烟出. Also read yagura kemuridashi. An opening constructed in a thatched roof to allow the escape of…

Architecture, General Terms
yaguranuki 櫓貫

Commonly double-penetrating, diagonally placed beams that connect the main post *…

Architecture, General Terms
yakata tenjō 屋形天井

1 A ceiling with the same pitch as the roof. Really, an exposed ceiling *…

Architecture, General Terms
yakuba 役場

1 The parts of a stone wall such as exterior corners, top surfaces, or openings for drainage where…

Architecture, General Terms, Folk Dwellings
yamamichi katō 山道火灯

A window used especially in the Zen style *zenshūyō 禅宗様; a type of ogival…

Architecture, General Terms
yamato 大和 ✓

1 An abbreviation for yamatouchi-no-to 大和打の戸 or yamatouchi 大和打. A door that has vertical…

Architecture, General Terms
yamatobuki 大和葺 ✓

1 A type of board roofing made by first spacing boards of equal width at predetermined intervals and then…

Architecture, General Terms, Tea Houses
yane-ita 屋根板

A generic name for various types of roofing boards including *noji-ita…

Architecture, General Terms
yane kōzō 屋根構造 ✓

The construction of the roof framework or roof truss over the body of a building. The essential framing for a gable roof *…

Architecture, General Terms
yane 屋根 ✓

Also called okugai 屋蓋, lit. "roof covering." A generic term for various types of roofs, roof styles, and roofing.…

Architecture, General Terms
yanebuki 屋根葺

Roofing or roof covering. The most commonly used types of roofing are clay tiles *…

Architecture, General Terms
yanegae 屋根替

Rethatching, retiling, or reshingling a roof whereby old roofing is replaced with new roofing.

Architecture, General Terms
yanekugi 屋根釘

Also kobanekugi 小羽根釘. Small round bamboo roofing nails, with a diameter between 2.1 to 2.8 mm and a length from 50…

Architecture, General Terms
yaneura 屋根裏

1 See *keshō yaneura 化粧屋根裏.

2 An…

Architecture, General Terms
yaraiko 矢来子 The framing members of a fence. They may be vertical, horizontal, diagonal, or arranged to form squares or lozenges. A variety… Architecture, General Terms
yareigeta 破井桁 ✓

Lit. "broken well crib." Also yabureigeta. A design used for muntins *kumiko…

Architecture, General Terms
yatsumune-zukuri 八棟造 ✓

Lit. "eight-ridge construction." A complicated roof style with multiple ridges and bargeboards, or large vernacular house…

Architecture, General Terms
yawari 矢割

A method of stone-splitting achieved by boring a hole in the stone. A wedge *kusabi…

Architecture, General Terms
Yayoi jidai 弥生時代

The Yayoi period (ca. 400 BCE to 250 CE). The period is marked by the establishment of rice cultivation and an agrarian…

Art History, General Terms
yō 様

A suffix. When used in architectural history, it means a technical style, as in *…

Architecture, General Terms
yodo 淀 ✓

Also yodogi 淀木 or yodonuki 淀貫. Tapered horizontal timber, 12-15 cm wide and 4.5 cm thick, placed on top of…

Architecture, General Terms
yōjigane 楊枝鉄

Also called chikara gane 力鉄 or kanehōzu-e 鉄方杖.
Slender iron rods used to strengthen the extensions of…

Architecture, General Terms
yoko-ita 横板

1 Horizontal, parallel boards with a wood grain that runs sideways. In shrine architecture *…

Architecture, General Terms
yokome-ita 横目板

Also called *oshibuchi 押縁. Narrow, thin battens placed horizontally over…

Architecture, General Terms
yokoshigezan 横繁桟 ✓

Closely spaced horizontal crosspieces commonly found on latticed doors *mairado…

Architecture, General Terms
yokoshino 横篠 ✓

1 The horizontal line of a bamboo joint.

2 The line carved into the short posts at…

Architecture, General Terms
yokozan 横桟 ✓

Also called nakazan 中桟. A generic term for the parallel crosspieces used to frame doors, windows, and other…

Architecture, General Terms
yokozando 横桟戸 ✓

A timber door frame into which horizontal boards are set. The seams tsugime 継目 are hidden by crosspieces nailed in…

Architecture, General Terms
yomezuka 嫁束

Also called *kirizuka 切束, komitatara 込たたら. A short strut…

Architecture, General Terms
yoroido 鎧戸

Also called gararido がらり戸. The horizontal, louver boards yoroi-ita 鎧板 of a door that run parallel to each…

Architecture, General Terms
yosegi 寄木

1 The upper horizontal timber yosegi 寄木, in a transom, called *…

Architecture, General Terms
yosejikii 寄敷居 ✓ Also called *tatamiyose 畳寄, or abbreviated to yose 寄. A horizontal timber level with… Architecture, General Terms
yosemune yane 寄棟屋根 ✓

Also abbreviated to yosemune 寄棟, also called yotsuyane 四つ屋根. A hipped roof. A roof that descends from the…

Architecture, General Terms
yosemune-zukuri 寄棟造

Also called *shia 四阿 in the Nara period. Also komune-zukuri 小棟造, …

Architecture, General Terms
yoshido 葭戸 A sliding door or screen filled with reeds yoshi 葭 or ashi 葦, sometimes called match stick blinds, to admit summer… Architecture, General Terms
yoshigaki 葭垣

Also ashigaki 葦垣. Also called yoshizubei 葭簀塀 or yoshizugaki 葭簀垣. A fence made of ditch reed …

Architecture, General Terms
Yoshino jidai 吉野時代

The Yoshino period. A seldom-used, rather old-fashioned term for the Southern and Northern Courts period *…

Art History, General Terms
yotesaki tokyō 四手先斗きょう

A 4-stepped bracket complex found mainly on the upper part of a *tahōtō 多宝塔.…

Architecture, General Terms
yotsuya maruta 四谷丸太

Also called yotsuya migaki maruta 四谷磨き丸太 or migaki maruta 磨き丸太. A cedar log stripped of its bark and then…

Architecture, General Terms
yūgen 幽玄

Lit. "profound mystery." A multivalent and influential medieval aesthetic ideal expressing darkness, depth, mystery,…

Art History, General Terms
yukachigai 床違

Floors that have different levels. For example, the floor of the alcove *tokonoma…

Architecture, General Terms
yukadaka 床高

The distance from the top surface of a floor to the ground below. The term can also refer to the height of a building's…

Architecture, General Terms
yukaura 床裏

The space made by the joists *neda 根太, between the flooring of a second story and…

Architecture, General Terms
yukazuka 床束

Short struts placed on base stones beneath a floor to support the sleepers *ōbiki…

Architecture, General Terms
yukimi shōji 雪見障子

Also called *agesage shōji 上下障子 (up and down shōji). Lit. "snow…

Architecture, General Terms
yumi ranma 弓欄間 ✓

Also called namiranma 波欄間 (wave-patterned slats), takewaki ranma 立涌欄間 (vertical billow-patterned slats in…

Architecture, General Terms
yūri odaruki 遊離尾垂木 ✓

Separated tail rafters supported by fulcrums which in turn support long purlins at their mid point and at each end. They are…

Architecture, General Terms
yuta-zukuri 雪打造

Also written 雨打造. A style of architecture that employs pent roof. A common 13th-19th century expression for *…

Architecture, General Terms

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JAANUS is the on-line Dictionary of Japanese Architectural and Art Historical Terminology compiled by Dr. Mary Neighbour Parent.

Originally built by the Atsumi International Scholarship Foundation, it is now hosted and maintained by the Media Center for Art History at Columbia University